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Shloka 4

धृतराष्ट्रस्य वंशोपदेशः

Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Dynastic Counsel on Legitimate Rule

“तात! जैसे प्रतीपपुत्र शान्तनु इस कुलकी भलाईमें ही लगे रहे

tāta! yathā pratīpaputraḥ śāntanuḥ asya kulasya hitāyaiva nityaṃ pravṛttaḥ, yathā ca devavrato bhīṣmaḥ asya kulasya vṛddhaye iha sthitaḥ, tathā satya-pratijñaḥ jitendriyaś ca rājā pāṇḍur api āsīt. sa kurukulasyādhipatir api san sadā dharme eva manaḥ nyaveśayat. sa uttama-vrata-pālakaḥ ekāgra-cittaś ca āsīt. jyeṣṭhāya rājyaṃ adadād dhṛtarāṣṭrāya dhīmate, yavīyase tathā kṣattre kurūṇāṃ vaṃśa-vardhanaḥ.

“Wahai anak! Seperti Śāntanu, putera Pratīpa, yang menumpukan diri sepenuhnya demi kebaikan dinasti ini; seperti Devavrata—Bhīṣma—yang berdiri di sini demi pertumbuhan keluarga ini; demikian juga Raja Pāṇḍu, yang setia pada sumpah kebenaran dan menguasai inderanya. Walaupun baginda raja Kuru, fikirannya sentiasa terpaut pada dharma. Baginda pemelihara ikrar yang mulia dan berjiwa tumpu. Pāṇḍu, pengembang keturunan Kuru, telah mengamanahkan kerajaan kepada abang sulungnya yang bijaksana, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, dan juga kepada adiknya, kṣattṛ (Vidura), sebagai titipan yang wajib dipelihara.”

ज्येष्ठायto the elder (brother)
ज्येष्ठाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
राज्यम्kingdom, sovereignty
राज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अददात्gave
अददात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदा (ददाति)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धृतराष्ट्रायto Dhṛtarāṣṭra
धृतराष्ट्राय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
धीमतेto the wise one
धीमते:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootधीमत्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
यवीयसेto the younger (brother)
यवीयसे:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootयवीयस्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
तथाand likewise, also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
क्षत्त्रेto the chamberlain (Vidura)
क्षत्त्रे:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्तृ
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
कुरूणाम्of the Kurus
कुरूणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun (Proper/Tribal name)
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
वंशवर्धनःlineage-increaser, one who augments the dynasty
वंशवर्धनः:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवंशवर्धन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva
Ś
Śāntanu
P
Pratīpa
D
Devavrata (Bhīṣma)
P
Pāṇḍu
K
Kuru-kula (Kuru dynasty)
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
V
Vidura (kṣattṛ)

Educational Q&A

The verse praises rulers who subordinate personal power to dharma and the welfare of the lineage. Pāṇḍu is held up as a model of self-control and vow-keeping, showing that legitimate authority is sustained by ethical restraint and responsible stewardship.

Vāyudeva addresses someone affectionately (“tāta”) and recalls exemplary figures of the Kuru line—Śāntanu, Bhīṣma, and Pāṇḍu. He emphasizes that Pāṇḍu, though king, remained devoted to dharma and entrusted the kingdom to his elder brother Dhṛtarāṣṭra and to the younger kṣattṛ (Vidura) as a protected charge.