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Shloka 2

उद्योगपर्व अध्याय १३३ — संजये मातृउपदेशः

Udyoga Parva Adhyaya 133 — A Mother’s Counsel to Saṃjaya

यो हि तेजो यथाशक्ति न दर्शयति विक्रमात्‌ । क्षत्रियो जीविताकाडुक्षी स्तेन इत्येव तं विदु:,जो क्षत्रिय अपने जीवनके लोभसे यथाशक्ति पराक्रम प्रकट करके अपने तेजका परिचय नहीं देता है, उसे सब लोग चोर मानते हैं

yo hi tejo yathāśakti na darśayati vikramāt | kṣatriyo jīvitākāṅkṣī stena ity eva taṃ viduḥ ||

Bagi seorang kṣatriya, jika—kerana tamak mempertahankan nyawa sendiri—dia tidak menzahirkan keberanian setakat dayanya dan tidak memperlihatkan sinar kegagahan melalui tindakan berani, maka orang ramai menganggapnya tidak lebih daripada seorang pencuri. Ayat ini menegaskan bahawa pengecut demi menyelamatkan diri adalah suatu “kecurian” terhadap dharma dan kehormatan golongan pahlawan.

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
तेजःsplendor/valor/energy
तेजः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतेजस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यथाas/according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
शक्तिability/power
शक्ति:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दर्शयतिshows/manifests
दर्शयति:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
विक्रमात्by/from prowess
विक्रमात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविक्रम
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya/warrior
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जीवितof life
जीवित:
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
आकाङ्क्षीdesirous/greedy (for)
आकाङ्क्षी:
TypeAdjective
Rootआकाङ्क्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्तेनःthief
स्तेनः:
TypeNoun
Rootस्तेन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विदुःknow/consider
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural

पुत्र उवाच

Educational Q&A

A kṣatriya must manifest courage and capability in accordance with his strength; clinging to life at the cost of valor is condemned as a kind of moral theft—stealing honor, duty, and rightful reputation.

In the Udyoga Parva’s pre-war counsel and exhortation, the speaker (the son) articulates a strict warrior ethic: failure to display valor due to fear of death brings social and moral disgrace, equating such conduct with being a ‘thief’ in the eyes of others.