Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 40

Udyoga Parva Adhyāya 132 — Vidura’s Counsel on Udyama, Yaśas, and Kṣātra-Dharma

मातोवाच किमद्यकानां ये लोका द्विषन्तस्तानवाप्नुयु: । ये त्वादृतात्मनां लोका: सुहृदस्तान्‌ व्रजन्तु नः,विदुला बोली--बेटा! आज क्या भोजन होगा? इस प्रकारकी चिन्तामें पड़े हुए दरिद्रोंके जो लोक हैं, वे हमारे शत्रुओंको प्राप्त हों और सर्वत्र सम्मानित होनेवाले पुण्यात्मा पुरुषोंके जो लोक हैं, उनमें हमारे हितैषी सुहृद्‌ पधारें

putra uvāca: mātovāca kim adyakānāṁ ye lokā dviṣantas tān avāpnuyuḥ | ye tv ādaritātmanāṁ lokāḥ suhṛdas tān vrajantu naḥ ||

Si ibu berkata: “Asyik memikirkan, ‘Hari ini kita makan apa?’—biarlah alam-alam yang menjadi bahagian orang yang terbelenggu oleh lapar dan miskin dari hari ke hari itu jatuh kepada musuh-musuh kita. Dan biarlah sahabat-sahabat kita yang berhati baik mencapai alam-alam orang berbudi—jiwa mulia yang dihormati di mana-mana.”

माताmother
माता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अद्यtoday
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
अकानाम्of the poor/helpless (akas)
अकानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
येwhich (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकाःworlds/realms
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्विषन्तःhating
द्विषन्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootद्विष्
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
तान्those
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अवाप्नुयुःmay attain/obtain
अवाप्नुयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-आप्
FormOptative, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
येwhich (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
आदृतात्मनाम्of the honored/noble-souled
आदृतात्मनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootआदृतात्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
लोकाःworlds/realms
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सुहृदःwell-wishers, friends
सुहृदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुहृद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तान्those
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
व्रजन्तुlet (them) go/attain
व्रजन्तु:
TypeVerb
Rootव्रज्
FormImperative, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
नःto us / for us
नः:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive/Dative, Plural

पुत्र उवाच

P
putra (son, speaker)
M
mātā (mother)
S
suhṛd (well-wishing friends)
D
dviṣant (enemies)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts a life reduced to anxious concern for mere subsistence with the ideal of honorable, respected virtue. It implies that fixation on ‘What will we eat today?’ is spiritually degrading, while noble conduct and self-respect lead to higher ‘worlds’ (better destinies) for oneself and one’s well-wishers.

In the Vidulā episode, the son reports (or echoes) the mother’s sharp, provocative words. She uses a blessing-and-curse formulation: let the miserable fate of hunger-bound living go to enemies, while friends attain the realms of honored, virtuous people—thereby urging her son toward courage, dignity, and purposeful action.