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Shloka 21

Virāṭa-sabhāyāṃ Saṃniveśaḥ — Assembly at Virāṭa’s Hall and Kṛṣṇa’s Diplomatic Counsel

अतोडन्यथा तैरुपचर्यमाणा हन्यु: समेतान्‌ धृतराष्ट्रपुत्रान्‌ | तैर्विप्रकारं च निशम्य कार्य सुहृज्जनास्तान्‌ परिवारयेयु:,यदि अब भी धृतराष्ट्रके पुत्र इनके साथ विपरीत व्यवहार ही करते रहेंगे--इनका राज्य नहीं लौटायेंगे, तो पाण्डव उन सबको मार डालेंगे। कौरवलोग पाण्डवोंके कार्यमें विघध्न डाल रहे हैं और उनकी बुराईपर ही तुले हुए हैं; यह बात निश्चितरूपसे जान लेनेपर सुहृदों और सम्बन्धियोंको उचित है कि वे उन दुष्ट कौरवोंको (इस प्रकार अत्याचार करनेसे) रोकें

atoḍa-nyathā tair upacaryamāṇā hanyuḥ sametān dhṛtarāṣṭra-putrān | tair viprakāraṃ ca niśamya kāryaṃ suhṛj-janās tān parivārayeyuḥ ||

Jika, bahkan sekarang, putera-putera Dhṛtarāṣṭra tetap berkeras melayan mereka dengan permusuhan dan enggan memulangkan kerajaan yang menjadi hak mereka, maka para Pāṇḍava—terdesak hingga ke jalan terakhir—akan membunuh para Kaurava yang berhimpun itu. Setelah diketahui dengan pasti bahawa Kaurava bertekad menghalang jalan yang benar bagi Pāṇḍava dan berniat mencelakakan mereka, maka menjadi kewajipan para sahabat baik dan kaum kerabat untuk menahan para pelaku kezaliman itu daripada penindasan yang berterusan, agar kebinasaan dapat dielakkan dan dharma terpelihara.

अतोtherefore/then
अतो:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
Formavyaya
अन्यथाotherwise
अन्यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्यथा
Formavyaya
तैःby them
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, plural
उपचर्यमाणाःbeing treated/behaved towards
उपचर्यमाणाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउपचर् (उप + चर्)
Formpresent passive participle, masculine, nominative, plural
हन्युःwould/should kill
हन्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formoptative (vidhiling), parasmaipada, 3rd person, plural, present-system
समेतान्assembled/together
समेतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमेत (सम् + इ + क्त)
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
धृतराष्ट्रपुत्रान्sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra
धृतराष्ट्रपुत्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र-पुत्र
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
तैःby them
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, plural
विप्रकारम्hostile/contrary conduct
विप्रकारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रकार
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formavyaya
निशम्यhaving heard/ascertained
निशम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootनि + शम्
Formabsolutive (क्त्वा-न्त), avyaya
कार्यthe matter/what is to be done
कार्य:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य
Formneuter, accusative, singular
सुहृज्जनाःfriends and well-wishers
सुहृज्जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुहृद्-जन
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
परिवारयेयुःshould restrain/ward off/keep in check
परिवारयेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + वṛ (वृञ्)
Formoptative (vidhiling), parasmaipada, 3rd person, plural

श्रीकृष्ण उवाच

Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra-putrāḥ (Kauravas)
P
Pāṇḍavāḥ
S
suhṛj-janāḥ (well-wishers/kinsmen)

Educational Q&A

When injustice and deliberate obstruction persist, the responsibility for preventing catastrophe falls on well-wishers and elders: they should restrain wrongdoers early. The verse frames war as a foreseeable consequence of unchecked adharma, urging timely intervention to protect dharma and avert mass destruction.

In the opening of Udyoga Parva, Kṛṣṇa articulates the danger of the Kauravas’ continued hostile stance—refusing to return the Pāṇḍavas’ kingdom and actively undermining them. He warns that this will drive the Pāṇḍavas to kill Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s sons, and therefore calls upon friends and relatives to restrain the Kauravas from oppressive conduct.