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Shloka 46

Saṃsāra-Gahana Allegory: The Brāhmaṇa in the Forest and Well (संसारगहन-आख्यान)

समन्तात्‌ सम्परिक्षिप्तं यत्‌ सम दृष्टवा त्रसेद्‌ यम: । जोर-जोरसे गर्जना करनेवाले सिंह, व्याप्र, हाथी और रीछोंके समुदायोंने उस स्थानको अत्यन्त भयानक बना दिया था। भीषण आकारवाले अत्यन्त भयंकर मांसभक्षी प्राणियोंने उस वनप्रान्तको चारों ओरसे घेरकर ऐसा बना दिया था, जिसे देखकर यमराज भी भयसे थर्रा उठे

samantāt samparikṣiptaṃ yat samadṛṣṭvā trased yamaḥ |

Vidura menggambarkan suatu wilayah yang dikepung rapat dari segenap penjuru, begitu menggerunkan hingga Yama—tuan kematian—pun akan menggigil apabila memandangnya. Tempat itu menjadi ngeri oleh himpunan singa, harimau, gajah dan beruang yang mengaum kuat, serta makhluk-makhluk pemakan daging lain yang besar dan ganas, yang mengepung jalur rimba itu dari setiap arah, menjadikannya pemandangan seram yang mutlak.

समन्तात्on all sides, all around
समन्तात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्तात्
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from all sides/around')
सम्परिक्षिप्तम्surrounded, enclosed
सम्परिक्षिप्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-परि-क्षिप्
FormPast passive participle; neuter accusative singular (agreeing with implied 'वनम्/स्थानम्')
यत्which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formneuter nominative/accusative singular (relative pronoun; referring to the place/forest)
सम्together/fully (intensifier with the verb)
सम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्
FormUpasarga (preverb) used with दृष्ट्वा
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा); 'having seen'
त्रसेत्would tremble, would fear
त्रसेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootत्रस्
FormOptative (vidhilin); 3rd person singular; parasmaipada
यमःYama (Lord of Death)
यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयम
Formmasculine nominative singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
Y
Yama

Educational Q&A

The verse intensifies the moral atmosphere of the post-war world: violence and disorder create conditions so dreadful that even the cosmic judge of death is imagined as recoiling. It underscores how adharma and mass destruction deform the natural and human landscape, inviting fear and ethical reckoning.

Vidura is describing a terrifying forest-region encircled by ferocious creatures. The imagery functions as a vivid report of the horror surrounding the aftermath of the Kurukṣetra catastrophe, heightening the sense of dread and ruin.