Shloka 4

Vāmadeva’s Rājadharma: Norm-Setting, Counsel, and the Prevention of Rāṣṭra-Vināśa (वामदेव-प्रोक्तं राजधर्मम्)

Devanagari script

साहसप्रकृतिर्यत्र किंचिदुल्बणमाचरेत्‌ । अशास्त्रलक्षणो राजा क्षिप्रमेव विनश्यति

Transliteration

sāhasaprakṛtir yatra kiñcid ulbaṇam ācaret | aśāstralakṣaṇo rājā kṣipram eva vinaśyati ||

Translation

Vāmadeva berkata: “Di mana seorang raja pada tabiatnya gopoh dan melakukan walau sedikit perbuatan melampau atau kekerasan, tanpa tanda-tanda bimbingan śāstra dan tata pemerintahan yang benar, raja itu segera menuju kebinasaan.”

Word by Word

• साहसप्रकृतिः: rash/violent disposition
• साहसप्रकृतिः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: साहस-प्रकृति
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र

• किंचित्: something, somewhat
• किंचित्: Karma
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: किंचित्

• उल्बणम्: excessive, outrageous
• उल्बणम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उल्बण
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आचरेत्: should do/practise, would commit
• आचरेत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-चर्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अशास्त्रलक्षणः: one whose marks are not according to the śāstra; unregulated
• अशास्त्रलक्षणः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-शास्त्र-लक्षण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजा: king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• क्षिप्रम्: quickly
• क्षिप्रम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: क्षिप्र

• एव: indeed, surely
• एव: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• विनश्यति: perishes, is ruined
• विनश्यति: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-नश्
• Form: Present (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

वामदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāmadeva
• rājā (the king/ruler)