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Shloka 36

Vāmadeva’s Rājadharma: Norm-Setting, Counsel, and the Prevention of Rāṣṭra-Vināśa (वामदेव-प्रोक्तं राजधर्मम्)

के वानुरक्ता: राजान: के भयात्‌ समुपाश्रिता: । मध्यस्थदोषा: के चैषामिति नित्यं विचिन्तयेत्‌,इस बातका ध्यान रखे कि कौन राजा मुझसे प्रेम रखते हैं? कौन भयके कारण मेरा आश्रय लिये हुए हैं? इनमेंसे कौन मध्यस्थ हैं और कौन-कौन नरेश मेरे शत्रु बने हुए हैं?

ke vānuraktā rājānaḥ ke bhayāt samupāśritāḥ | madhyastha-doṣāḥ ke caiṣām iti nityaṃ vicintayet ||

Vāmadeva berkata: “Seorang raja hendaklah sentiasa merenung: Raja-raja manakah yang benar-benar setia kepadaku? Siapakah yang berlindung di bawahku kerana takut? Antara mereka, siapa yang berkecuali atau teragak-agak, dan siapa yang dengan pendiriannya menjadi pihak yang bersalah—bahkan, raja manakah yang telah menjadi musuhku?”

केwhich (persons)
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अनुरक्ताःattached, devoted
अनुरक्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुरक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजानःkings
राजानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केwhich (ones)
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भयात्from fear; out of fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
समुपाश्रिताःhaving taken refuge; resorted to
समुपाश्रिताः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-उप-आ-श्रि (श्रि)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
मध्यस्थदोषाःthose with the fault of neutrality (i.e., neutral/indifferent ones)
मध्यस्थदोषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमध्यस्थदोष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केwhich (ones)
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एषाम्of these
एषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
नित्यम्always; constantly
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
विचिन्तयेत्should reflect/consider
विचिन्तयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-चिन्त्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

वामदेव उवाच

V
Vāmadeva
R
rājānaḥ (kings/rulers)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must continually evaluate the true motives and positions of other kings—distinguishing genuine loyalty from fear-based dependence, identifying neutrals, and recognizing emerging enemies—so that governance remains prudent and ethically responsible.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Vāmadeva advises the king on practical vigilance in diplomacy: regularly scrutinizing surrounding rulers’ attitudes—friends, fear-driven dependents, neutrals, and foes.