Shloka 23
Adhyāya 90 — Protection of Livelihoods, Brahmanical Subsistence Norms, and Royal Oversight (राष्ट्रवृत्ति-राष्ट्रगुप्ति-उपदेशः)
Devanagari script
कच्चित् ते वणिजो राष्ट्रे नोद्विजन्ति करार्दिता: | क्रीणन्तो बहुनालल्पेन कान्तारकृतविश्रमा:
Translation
Bhīṣma berkata: “Adakah para pedagang di negerimu tidak resah kerana dihimpit beban cukai? Mereka yang membeli barang pada harga tinggi atau rendah, dan yang mengembara ke daerah-daerah sukar demi perdagangan—jangan sampai mereka gelisah kerana tekanan itu.”
Word by Word
कच्चित्whether (indeed)?
कच्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकच्चित्
तेof you/your
ते:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
वणिजःmerchants
वणिजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवणिज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राष्ट्रेin the kingdom
राष्ट्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
उद्विजन्तिare anxious/are distressed
उद्विजन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउद् + द्विज्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
करार्दिताःafflicted by taxes
करार्दिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकर + अर्दित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्रीणन्तःbuying
क्रीणन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootक्री
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Present active participle (Parasmaipada)
बहुनाwith much (price/amount)
बहुना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अल्पेनwith little (price/amount)
अल्पेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअल्प
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
कान्तारकृतविश्रमाःhaving their rest made in wildernesses (i.e., resting in difficult tracts)
कान्तारकृतविश्रमाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकान्तार + कृत + विश्रम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes