Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 16

Chapter 81: Trust, Allies, and the Qualifications of the King’s Artha-Secretary (अर्थसचिव)

यस्तु वृद्धया न तृप्येत क्षये दीनतरो भवेत्‌ । एतदुत्तममित्रस्य निमित्तमिति चक्षते,जो राजाकी उन्नतिसे कभी तृप्त न हो, उत्तरोत्तर उसकी अधिक उन्नति ही चाहता रहे और अवनति होनेपर बहुत दुखी हो जाय, यही उत्तम मित्रकी पहचान बतायी गयी है

yas tu vṛddhyā na tṛpyet kṣaye dīnataraḥ bhavet | etad uttamam itrasya nimittam iti cakṣate ||

Bhīṣma bersabda: Sesiapa yang tidak pernah puas walaupun sahabatnya sedang maju, yang sentiasa menginginkan kenaikan yang lebih tinggi lagi, dan yang menjadi amat dukacita apabila kemerosotan datang—itulah, kata mereka, tanda utama yang mengenal pasti seorang “sahabat yang unggul”, yakni sahabat yang hatinya benar-benar terpaut pada kesejahteraan yang lain.

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
वृद्ध्याby prosperity/increase
वृद्ध्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तृप्येतshould be satisfied
तृप्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootतृप् (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
क्षयेin decline/loss
क्षये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
दीनतरःmore miserable
दीनतरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदीनतर (प्रातिपदिक; दीन + तर)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Comparative
भवेत्would become
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उत्तम-मित्रस्यof a best/excellent friend
उत्तम-मित्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootउत्तममित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
निमित्तम्sign/mark/characteristic
निमित्तम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनिमित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
चक्षतेthey say/declare
चक्षते:
TypeVerb
Rootचक्ष् (धातु)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

A truly excellent friend is identified by wholehearted concern for the other’s welfare: he is not complacent at the friend’s success, but wishes ever greater good, and he feels genuine sorrow when the friend faces decline.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right conduct, Bhishma is giving Yudhishthira ethical counsel, here defining a key ‘mark’ (nimitta) by which an outstanding friend may be recognized.