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Shloka 17

ऋत्विग्धर्मः, दक्षिणा-न्यायः, तपसः परमार्थः

Ritvij-Dharma, the Norm of Dakṣiṇā, and the Higher Meaning of Tapas

शरीर-निर्वाहमात्रके लिये धन प्राप्त करके यज्ञमें प्रवृत्त हुए महामनस्वी ब्राह्मणोंद्वारा जो यज्ञ सम्पादित होते हैं, वे भी हिंसा आदि दोषोंसे युक्त होनेपर उत्तम फल नहीं देते हैं, ऐसा श्रुतिका सिद्धान्त सुननेमें आता है ।। तपो यज्ञादपि श्रेष्ठमित्येषा परमा श्रुति: । तत्‌ ते तप: प्रवक्ष्यामि विद्वंस्तदपि मे शूणु,अत: यज्ञकी अपेक्षा भी तप श्रेष्ठ है, यह वेदका परम उत्तम वचन है। विद्वान्‌ युधिष्ठिर! मैं तुम्हें तपका स्वरूप बताता हूँ, तुम मुझसे उसके विषयमें सुनो

tapo yajñād api śreṣṭham ity eṣā paramā śrutiḥ | tat te tapaḥ pravakṣyāmi vidvaṃs tad api me śṛṇu |

Bhishma berkata: “Ajaran Veda yang tertinggi menyatakan bahawa pertapaan (tapas) lebih mulia bahkan daripada korban suci (yajña). Maka, wahai Yudhishthira yang bijaksana, akan aku jelaskan kepadamu hakikat sebenar tapas—dengarlah aku.” Dalam bingkai etika, Bhishma menegaskan bahawa tindakan ritual, walaupun dilakukan oleh para Brahmana yang berniat baik demi sekadar menyara hidup, boleh tercemar oleh kekerasan dan kecacatan lain; sebab itu disiplin batin dan pengekangan moral ditampilkan sebagai jalan yang lebih pasti menuju kebaikan tertinggi.

tapaḥausterity, penance
tapaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Roottapas
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
yajñātthan sacrifice (from sacrifice)
yajñāt:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootyajña
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
apieven, also
api:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi
śreṣṭhamsuperior, best
śreṣṭham:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootśreṣṭha
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
itithus (quotative)
iti:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti
eṣāthis
eṣā:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootetad
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
paramāsupreme, highest
paramā:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootparama
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
śrutiḥrevealed scripture; Vedic statement
śrutiḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootśruti
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
tatthat (it)
tat:
Karma
TypePronoun
Roottad
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
teto you
te:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Roottvad
FormDative, Singular
tapaḥausterity (its nature)
tapaḥ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Roottapas
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
pravakṣyāmiI shall explain, I will tell
pravakṣyāmi:
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√vac
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), First, Singular, Parasmaipada
vidvanO wise one
vidvan:
TypeNoun
Rootvidvas
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
tatthat (also)
tat:
Karma
TypePronoun
Roottad
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
apialso, even
api:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi
meof me; my
me:
TypePronoun
Rootasmad
FormGenitive, Singular
śṛṇuhear, listen
śṛṇu:
TypeVerb
Root√śru
FormImperative (Loṭ), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
Ś
Śruti (Vedic revelation)
B
Brahmins (as a referenced group)
Y
Yajña (sacrifice)
T
Tapas (austerity)

Educational Q&A

That tapas—inner austerity, restraint, and disciplined conduct—is proclaimed by the highest Vedic authority as superior even to yajña, especially when ritual action risks being tainted by हिंसा (violence) or other ethical defects.

In the Shanti Parva dharma instruction, Bhishma addresses Yudhishthira and transitions from discussing the limitations of sacrifice to announcing a focused exposition on the nature and value of tapas.