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Shloka 39

आपद्धर्मे वैश्यवृत्तिः, विक्रय-निषेधाः, तथा ब्रह्म-क्षत्र-सम्बन्धः

Emergency Livelihood, Prohibited Trade, and Brahman–Kshatra Regulation

यमाश्रित्य नरा राजन वर्तयेयुर्यथासुखम्‌ । अनाथास्तप्यमानाश्व दस्युभि: परिपीडिता:

yam āśritya narā rājan vartayeyur yathāsukham | anāthās tapyamānāś ca dasyubhiḥ paripīḍitāḥ ||

Bhishma berkata: “Wahai Raja, manusia hendaklah dapat hidup dengan tenteram dengan berlindung pada seseorang yang memberi perlindungan. Mereka yang tidak berdaya, menderita, dan ditindas oleh penyamun patut menganggap pelindung itu seperti kaum kerabat sendiri serta memuliakannya dengan hormat yang gembira. Kerana, wahai yang terbaik daripada kaum Kuru, sesiapa yang mampu berulang kali menyingkirkan bahaya orang lain tanpa gentar, dialah yang benar-benar layak menerima penghormatan diraja.”

यम्whom
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आश्रित्यhaving taken refuge in / resorting to
आश्रित्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-श्रि (श्रि)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage as gerund)
नराःmen, people
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वर्तयेयुःshould live/behave, should conduct themselves
वर्तयेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्तते) / causative वर्तयति
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Present-system, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, Active
यथाas, according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
सुखम्comfortably, with ease (lit. happiness)
सुखम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनाथाःhelpless, without protector
अनाथाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनाथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तप्यमानाःbeing afflicted, suffering
तप्यमानाः:
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
Formशानच् (present passive participle), Passive (middle-form participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
दस्युभिःby robbers/bandits
दस्युभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदस्यु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
परिपीडिताःoppressed, harassed
परिपीडिताः:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-पीड्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Passive, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (Yudhishthira, implied addressee)
K
Kuru lineage (Kuru-nandana, implied)

Educational Q&A

A ruler (or any protector) is worthy of honor when he fearlessly and repeatedly removes the dangers of others; the helpless should be able to take refuge in such a person and live securely.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma addresses the king and explains the standard of true royal worth: providing dependable refuge and protection, especially for those oppressed by criminals.