Shloka 30
राजधर्मः—प्रजापालनं दानयज्ञश्च
Royal Duty—Protection of Subjects, Generosity, and Sacrificial Discipline
Devanagari script
यदा कुलीनो धर्मज्ञ: प्राप्तोत्यैश्वर्यमुत्तमम् । योगक्षेमस्तदा राज्ञ: कुशलायैव कल्प्यते
Translation
Apabila seorang yang berdarah mulia dan mengetahui dharma memperoleh kuasa yang utama di sisi raja—yakni jawatan tinggi seperti menteri—pada saat itulah “yoga” dan “kṣema” raja (pencapaian dan pemeliharaan kesejahteraan) menjadi sempurna, demi kemakmuran dan ketertiban pemerintahan.
Word by Word
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
कुलीनःwell-born, of good family
कुलीनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकुलीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मज्ञःknower of dharma
धर्मज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राप्तःhaving obtained / having reached
प्राप्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
उत्up, forth (preverb)
उत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत्
ऐश्वर्यम्sovereignty, lordship, power
ऐश्वर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऐश्वर्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उत्तमम्excellent, highest
उत्तमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
योगक्षेमःacquisition and protection; welfare and security
योगक्षेमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोगक्षेम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
कुशलायfor well-being, for prosperity
कुशलाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootकुशल
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
कल्प्यतेis arranged/ordained; is considered to be
कल्प्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootकॢप्
FormLat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular, Passive/impersonal sense
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes