Shloka 26

एष एव परो धर्मो यद्‌ राजा रक्षति प्रजा: । भूतानां हि यथा धर्मो रक्षणं परमा दया,राजा जो प्रजाकी रक्षा करता है, यही उसका सबसे बड़ा धर्म है। समस्त प्राणियोंकी रक्षा तथा उनके प्रति परम दया ही महान्‌ धर्म है

eṣa eva paro dharmo yad rājā rakṣati prajāḥ | bhūtānāṃ hi yathā dharmo rakṣaṇaṃ paramā dayā ||

Bhishma menyatakan bahawa dharma tertinggi bagi seorang raja ialah melindungi rakyatnya. Bagi segala makhluk bernyawa, dharma yang paling benar ialah perlindungan itu sendiri—belas kasihan tertinggi yang aktif, menjaga nyawa serta kesejahteraan.

एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
परःsupreme/highest
परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma/duty
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्that which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रक्षतिprotects
रक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रजाःsubjects/people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
भूतानाम्of beings/creatures
भूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
धर्मःdharma/nature/duty
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रक्षणम्protection
रक्षणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
परमाsupreme/highest
परमा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दयाcompassion
दया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
S
subjects (prajāḥ)
L
living beings (bhūtāni)

Educational Q&A

The verse defines the king’s highest dharma as protecting the people; more broadly, it presents protection of living beings as the essence of dharma and the highest form of compassion.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on statecraft and ethics, Bhishma is advising Yudhishthira on rājadharma, emphasizing that legitimate rule is grounded in safeguarding subjects and practicing compassionate protection.