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Shloka 1

अध्याय ७२ — राजधर्मः: प्रजारक्षण, कर-नीति, दण्ड-नीति, अमात्य-नियोजन

Chapter 72 — Royal Duty: protection of subjects, taxation, punishment, and appointments

/ ऑपन--माजल बक। अकाल एकसप्ततितमो<् ध्याय: धर्मपूर्वक प्रजाका पालन ही राजाका महान्‌ धर्म है, इसका प्रतिपादन युधिछिर उवाच कथं राजा प्रजा रक्षन्नाधिबन्धेन युज्यते | धर्मेण नापराध्नोति तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--पितामह! किस प्रकार प्रजाका पालन करनेवाला राजा चिन्तामें नहीं पड़ता और धर्मके विषयमें अपराधी नहीं होता, यह मुझे बताइये

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: kathaṁ rājā prajā rakṣann ādhibandhena yujyate | dharmeṇa nāparādhnoti tan me brūhi pitāmaha ||

Yudhiṣṭhira berkata: “Wahai datuk, bagaimana seorang raja, ketika melindungi rakyatnya, dapat mengelakkan dirinya daripada terjerat dalam kegelisahan dan kekangan? Dan bagaimana pula dia tidak menanggung kesalahan terhadap dharma? Beritahulah aku.”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhishthira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजाःsubjects, people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
रक्षन्protecting
रक्षन्:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
आधिबन्धेनwith anxiety/affliction (bond)
आधिबन्धेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआधिबन्ध
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
युज्यतेis yoked/connected; gets involved
युज्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootयुज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive/Reflexive usage
धर्मेणby/through dharma, righteously
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपराध्नोतिcommits an offense; errs
अपराध्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootअपराध्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्that (matter)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (me)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma)
R
rājā (the king)
P
prajā (subjects)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a central problem of rājadharma: how a ruler can fulfill the heavy duty of protecting the people without falling into anxious entanglement, and how to govern without violating dharma—seeking a principled, ethically blameless mode of rule.

In Śānti Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira approaches Bhīṣma (addressed as Pitāmaha) for instruction on righteous governance. This opening question introduces the chapter’s discussion on the king’s duty to protect subjects and the ethical pressures that accompany rule.