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Shloka 91

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

दण्डनीतिं परित्यज्य यदा कार्त्स्न्येन भूमिप: । प्रजा: क्लिश्षात्ययोगेन प्रवर्तेत तदा कलि:,जब राजा समूची दण्डनीतिका परित्याग करके अयोग्य उपायोंद्वारा प्रजाको वष्ट देने लगता है, तब कलियुगका आरम्भ हो जाता है

daṇḍanītiṁ parityajya yadā kārtsnyena bhūmipaḥ | prajāḥ kliśyāty-ayogena pravarteta tadā kaliḥ ||

Bhīṣma bersabda: Apabila seorang raja meninggalkan sepenuhnya daṇḍanīti (ilmu hukuman dan pemerintahan) dan, dengan cara yang tidak layak serta tidak wajar, mula menindas rakyatnya, maka bangkitlah Kali—menandai permulaan kemerosotan moral dan sosial. Rangkap ini menegaskan bahawa pemerintahan yang adil ialah kewajipan etika: mengabaikan tatakelola yang berdisiplin menjadi pintu masuk kekacauan dan penderitaan ke dalam negeri.

दण्डनीतिम्the policy of punishment/governance
दण्डनीतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्डनीति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
परित्यज्यhaving abandoned
परित्यज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-त्यज्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
कार्त्स्न्येनentirely, completely
कार्त्स्न्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकार्त्स्न्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
भूमिपःthe king (lord of the earth)
भूमिपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूमिप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजाःthe subjects
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
क्लिश्यतिafflicts, torments
क्लिश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootक्लिश्
FormLat, Present, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अयोगेनby improper means
अयोगेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअयोग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रवर्तेतwould proceed/act
प्रवर्तेत:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√वृत्
FormVidhi-lin, Optative, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
कलिःKali (the age of strife)
कलिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकलि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
bhūmipa (the king)
P
prajāḥ (subjects)
K
Kali

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s dharma includes maintaining daṇḍanīti—just, disciplined governance. When a king abandons it and harms people through unfit policies, societal decay (Kali) begins.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma warns Yudhiṣṭhira that misrule—especially the total neglect of lawful governance—creates the conditions identified as the rise of Kali.