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Shloka 1

राजा-दैवतत्वम् — The King as a Stabilizing ‘Daivata’ (Divine Function) in Social Order

अपन कराता बछ। अंक सप्तषष्टितमो< ध्याय: राष्ट्रकी रक्षा और उन्नतिके लिये राजाकी आवश्यकताका प्रतिपादन युधिष्ठिर उवाच चातुराश्रम्यमुक्तं ते चातुर्वर्ण्य तथैव च । राष्ट्रस्य यत्‌ कृत्यतमं ततो ब्रूहि पितामह,राजा युधिष्ठिरने कहा--पितामह! आपने चारों आश्रमों और चारों वर्णोंके धर्म बतलाये। अब आप मुझे यह बताइये कि समूचे राष्ट्रका--उस राष्ट्रमें निवास करनेवाले प्रत्येक नागरिकका मुख्य कार्य क्या है?

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | cāturāśramyam uktaṁ te cāturvarṇyaṁ tathaiva ca | rāṣṭrasya yat kṛtyatamaṁ tato brūhi pitāmaha ||

Yudhiṣṭhira berkata: “Wahai Pitāmaha, engkau telah menerangkan kepadaku kewajipan empat āśrama dan demikian juga empat varṇa. Kini beritahulah aku, apakah kewajipan yang paling utama bagi sesebuah kerajaan—apakah tugas yang paling penting demi kesejahteraan seluruh negeri dan semua yang tinggal di dalamnya?”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhishthira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
चातुराश्रम्यम्the system/dharma of the four āśramas
चातुराश्रम्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचातुराश्रम्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उक्तम्told/declared
उक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त, Neuter, Accusative, Singular
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Dative, Singular
चातुर्वर्ण्यम्the system/dharma of the four varṇas
चातुर्वर्ण्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचातुर्वर्ण्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाthus/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राष्ट्रस्यof the kingdom/state
राष्ट्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
यत्which/what
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कृत्यतमम्most important duty/task
कृत्यतमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत्यतम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ततःtherefore/then
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
ब्रूहिtell (me)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, Second, Singular
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिष्ठिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma)
R
rāṣṭra (the kingdom/realm)
C
cāturāśrama (four āśramas)
C
cāturvarṇya (four varṇas)

Educational Q&A

After hearing the frameworks of āśrama- and varṇa-dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira seeks the single most crucial duty of the state—implying that social and personal duties require a stable, protected realm and that governance has a paramount ethical responsibility toward the common good.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue on dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma as ‘Pitāmaha’ and, having received instruction on the four āśramas and four varṇas, asks him to state what is the highest and most necessary task of the kingdom as a whole.