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Shloka 16

Varṇāśrama-ācāra and Vikarma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry on Safe Dharmas (शिवधर्मप्रश्नः)

श्रेष्ठ आश्रम गार्हस्थ्यमें निवास करनेवाले द्विजोंके लिये महर्षिगण यह कर्तव्य बताते हैं कि वह स्त्री और पुत्रोंका भरण-पोषण तथा वेदशास्त्रोंका स्वाध्याय करे ।। एवं हि यो ब्राह्मणो यज्ञशीलो गार्हस्थ्यमध्यावसते यथावत्‌ | गृहस्थवृत्तिं प्रविशोध्य सम्यक्‌ स्वर्गे विशुद्धं फलमाप्तुते स:,जो ब्राह्मण इस प्रकार स्वभावत: यज्ञपरायण हो, गृहस्थ-धर्मका यथावत्‌ रूपसे पालन करता है, वह गृहस्थ-वृत्तिका अच्छी तरह शोधन करके स्वर्गलोकमें विशुद्ध फलका भागी होता है

evaṁ hi yo brāhmaṇo yajñaśīlo gārhasthyam adhyāvasate yathāvat | gṛhasthavṛttiṁ praviśodhya samyak svarge viśuddhaṁ phalam āpnute saḥ ||

Bhishma berkata: Para resi menyatakan bahawa bagi kaum dwija yang menetap dalam āśrama rumah tangga yang mulia, kewajipan yang wajar ialah menyara isteri dan anak-anak serta menekuni swādhyāya—pengajian berdisiplin terhadap Veda dan śāstra. Sesungguhnya, seorang brāhmaṇa yang secara tabii tekun pada yajña, dan yang menjalani dharma grihastha menurut ketetapan—dengan menyucikan sepenuhnya mata pencarian dan tingkah lakunya—akan memperoleh di syurga ganjaran yang murni dan tidak tercemar.

एवम्thus, in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यज्ञशीलःhabitually performing sacrifices
यज्ञशीलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयज्ञशील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गार्हस्थ्यम्the householder state
गार्हस्थ्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगार्हस्थ्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अध्यावसतेdwells in, undertakes (lives as)
अध्यावसते:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-आ-√वस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
यथावत्properly, as prescribed
यथावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
गृहस्थवृत्तिम्the conduct/means of livelihood of a householder
गृहस्थवृत्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगृहस्थवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रविशोध्यhaving thoroughly purified
प्रविशोध्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वि-√शुध्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada/Atmanepada-neutral (gerund)
सम्यक्completely, rightly
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
स्वर्गेin heaven
स्वर्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विशुद्धम्pure
विशुद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविशुद्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
फलम्fruit, result
फलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आप्नुतेattains, obtains
आप्नुते:
TypeVerb
Root√आप्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
brāhmaṇa
G
gṛhastha (householder)
S
svarga (heaven)
Y
yajña (sacrifice)
V
Veda
Ś
śāstra
W
wife
C
children
M
mahārṣi (sages)

Educational Q&A

Householder life is praised as an excellent āśrama when lived according to rule: one should support dependents (wife and children), maintain disciplined study of Veda/śāstra, and keep one’s livelihood and conduct pure; such a life yields a ‘pure fruit’ (viśuddha-phala), described here as heavenly merit.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma. In this passage he explains the sages’ view of gṛhastha-dharma, emphasizing sacrifice-oriented living, responsible maintenance of family, and purification of one’s means of living as the basis for meritorious results.