Shloka 3

कालनिर्देशः शोकनिवारणं च

Instruction on Kāla and the Removal of Grief

Devanagari script

सूर्येणा भ्युदितो यश्चव ब्रह्मचारी भवत्युत । तथा सूर्याभिनिर्मुक्त: कुनखी श्यावदन्नपि,जो ब्रह्मचारी सूर्योदय अथवा सूर्यास्तके समयतक सोता रहे तथा जिसके नख और दाँत काले हों,- उन सबको प्रायश्रित्त करना चाहिये

Transliteration

sūryeṇābhyudito yaś caiva brahmacārī bhavaty uta | tathā sūryābhinirmuktaḥ kunakhī śyāvadann api ||

Translation

Vyāsa berkata: “Seorang brahmacārin yang masih tidur setelah matahari terbit, demikian juga yang masih di pembaringan ketika matahari terbenam; dan juga yang kukunya cacat serta giginya menghitam—mereka hendaklah menjalani amalan penebusan. Ajaran ini menegaskan bahawa disiplin seorang pelajar diukur melalui kewaspadaan, kebersihan tubuh, dan tingkah laku yang teratur; dan kelalaian seperti itu harus diperbetulkan dengan tapa peniten yang ditetapkan, bukan dibiarkan.”

Word by Word

सूर्येणby/with the sun (at sunrise)

अभ्युदितःrisen (i.e., after sunrise)

यःwho

चand

ब्रह्मचारीa celibate student (brahmacārin)

भवतिbecomes/is

उतalso/indeed

तथाlikewise/so too

सूर्याभिनिर्मुक्तःreleased after the sun (i.e., after sunset)

कुनखीhaving bad/blackened nails

श्यावदन्तःone whose teeth are dark/blackened

अपिeven/also

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vyāsa

Sūrya (the Sun)

Brahmacārī (brahmacarya student)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A brahmacārin must maintain disciplined daily routine and bodily purity; oversleeping past sunrise, laxity around sunset, and signs of neglect (deformed nails, blackened teeth) are treated as faults to be corrected through prescribed prāyaścitta (expiation).

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right conduct, Vyāsa enumerates specific lapses and physical markers of negligence for which expiatory observances are recommended, emphasizing reform and restoration of discipline.