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Shloka 119

Śuka’s Guṇa-Transcendence and Vyāsa’s Consolation (शुकगति-वर्णनम्)

सम्पूर्णे नवमे मासि जन्तोर्जातस्य मैथिल । जायते नामरूपत्वं स्त्री पुमान्‌ वेति लिड्गतः,मिथिलानरेश! गर्भमें नौ मास पूर्ण हो जानेपर जीव जन्म ग्रहण करता है। उस समय उसे नाम और रूप प्राप्त होता है तथा वह विशेष प्रकारके चिह्नसे स्त्री अथवा पुरुष समझा जाता है

sampūrṇe navame māsi jantor jātasya maithila | jāyate nāmarūpatvaṁ strī pumān veti liṅgataḥ ||

Bhīṣma berkata: “Wahai Maithila, apabila bulan kesembilan telah sempurna, makhluk yang berjasad itu lahir. Pada saat itu ia memperoleh nama dan rupa, dan melalui tanda-tanda pembeza ia dikenali sebagai perempuan atau lelaki.”

सम्पूर्णेwhen completed, in the completed (state)
सम्पूर्णे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्पूर्ण
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
नवमेin the ninth
नवमे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootनवम
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
मासिmonth
मासि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमास
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
जन्तोःof the creature/being
जन्तोः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
जातस्यof the born (one)
जातस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootजात
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
मैथिलO Maithila (king of Mithila)
मैथिल:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootमैथिल
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
जायतेis born/arises
जायते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
नामname
नाम:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
रूपत्वम्form-ness/appearance (state of having form)
रूपत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरूपत्व
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
स्त्रीa woman/female
स्त्री:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पुमान्a man/male
पुमान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुमांस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
लिङ्गतःfrom/by the mark (sex-indicator)
लिङ्गतः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootलिङ्ग
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
Maithila (king of Mithilā)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames birth as the point at which the living being becomes socially and perceptibly individuated—acquiring ‘name and form’—and is recognized through bodily marks as female or male, a step relevant to later discussions of duties (dharma) tied to embodied life.

Bhīṣma is instructing the Maithila king within Śānti Parva’s didactic discourse, describing the moment of birth after the completion of nine months and the consequent recognition of the newborn’s identity and sex.