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Shloka 33

Adhyāya 314 — हिमवदाश्रमः, शक्तिक्षेपकथा, तथा स्वाध्यायविधिः

Himalayan Hermitage, the Myth of the Thrown Spear, and Rules of Vedic Study

तामसस्याधरमं स्थान प्राहुरध्यात्मचिन्तका: । अध्यात्म-शास्त्रका चिन्तन करनेवाले विद्वान्‌ कहते हैं कि सात््विक पुरुषको उत्तम, रजोगुणीको मध्यम और तमोगुणीको अधम स्थानकी प्राप्ति होती है

tāmasasyādharamaṃ sthānaṃ prāhur adhyātma-cintakāḥ | adhyātma-śāstraka-cintana-karanevāle vidvān vadanti yat sāttvikaḥ puruṣaḥ uttamaṃ, rajoguṇī madhyamaṃ, tamoguṇī ca adhamaṃ sthānaṃ prāpnoti |

Yājñavalkya berkata: Para cendekia yang merenungi Diri batin dan menimbang ajaran ilmu rohani menyatakan bahawa: insan yang dikuasai sattva mencapai keadaan tertinggi; yang diperintah rajas mencapai keadaan pertengahan; dan yang ditenggelami tamas sampai ke keadaan paling rendah. Rangkap ini menegaskan bahawa takdir bukan kebetulan, melainkan akibat etika daripada sifat yang menguasai diri serta disiplin batin seseorang.

तामसस्यof the tamasic (one/quality)
तामसस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootतामस
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अधरमम्lower, inferior
अधरमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअधर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्थानम्place, state, station
स्थानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्राहुःthey have said / they declare
प्राहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + अह्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
अध्यात्मचिन्तकाःthinkers on the self/spirituality
अध्यात्मचिन्तकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअध्यात्मचिन्तक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

याज़्वल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
A
adhyātma-cintakāḥ (spiritual contemplatives)

Educational Q&A

One’s predominant guna shapes one’s spiritual and moral trajectory: sattva leads upward to the best state, rajas to an intermediate state, and tamas to the lowest. The teaching emphasizes inner cultivation—clarity and self-mastery—over external status.

In the Shanti Parva’s instructional setting, Yājñavalkya is presenting a doctrinal classification used by adhyātma thinkers: the three gunas correspond to graded destinations, reinforcing the broader discourse on right conduct, inner purification, and liberation-oriented living.