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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 314 — हिमवदाश्रमः, शक्तिक्षेपकथा, तथा स्वाध्यायविधिः

Himalayan Hermitage, the Myth of the Thrown Spear, and Rules of Vedic Study

अपन काता बछ। 2 चतुर्दशाधिकत्रिशततमो< ध्याय: सात्त्विक, राजस और तामस प्रकृतिके मनुष्योंकी गतिका वर्णन तथा राजा जनकके प्रश्न याज़्वल्क्य उवाच एते प्रधानस्य गुणास्त्रय: पुरुषसत्तम । कृत्स्नस्य चैव जगतस्तिष्ठन्त्यनपगा: सदा,याज्ञवल्क्यजी कहते हैं--पुरुषप्रवर! सत्त्व, रज और तम--ये तीन प्रकृतिके गुण हैं, जो सम्पूर्ण जगतमें सदा विद्यमान रहते हैं। कभी उससे अलग नहीं होते हैं

yājñavalkya uvāca | ete pradhānasya guṇās trayaḥ puruṣasattama | kṛtsnasya caiva jagatas tiṣṭhanty anapagāḥ sadā ||

Yājñavalkya berkata: “Wahai insan yang terbaik, tiga guna Prakṛti yang asal—sattva, rajas, dan tamas—sentiasa tetap wujud. Ia meresapi seluruh alam semesta dan tidak pernah berpisah daripadanya.”

एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रधानस्यof Pradhāna (primordial nature)
प्रधानस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रधान
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
गुणाःqualities
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुरुषसत्तमO best of men
पुरुषसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषसत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कृत्स्नस्यof the whole
कृत्स्नस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत्स्न
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
जगतःof the world
जगतः:
TypeNoun
Rootजगत्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
तिष्ठन्तिremain/abide
तिष्ठन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अनपगाःnot departing; inseparable
अनपगाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनपग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा

याज़्वल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
P
Puruṣasattama (addressee)
P
Pradhāna
S
Sattva
R
Rajas
T
Tamas
J
Jagat (the universe)

Educational Q&A

The universe is continually constituted by the three guṇas—sattva, rajas, and tamas—understood as inseparable modes of Pradhāna (primordial Nature). Ethical and spiritual progress is framed as understanding and regulating these modes rather than imagining a world free of them.

In the Shānti Parva’s philosophical instruction, Yājñavalkya begins an explanation (in response to a royal interlocutor, traditionally Janaka in this section) by stating the foundational principle that the three guṇas pervade all beings and the entire cosmos at all times.