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Shloka 7

Śuka–Janaka Saṃvāda: Āśrama-krama, Jñāna-vijñāna, and the Marks of Liberation (शुक-जनक संवादः)

वेददर्शी विद्वान्‌ जैसा बताते हैं, उसके अनुसार नेत्र अध्यात्म है, रूप अधिभूत है और सूर्य अधिदैवत हैं ।। श्रोत्रमध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथा श्रुतिनिदर्शिन: । शब्दस्तत्राधिभूत॑ तु दिशश्वात्राधिदिवतम्‌,वैदिक सिद्धान्तका ज्ञान रखनेवाले विद्वान्‌ पुरुष कहते हैं कि श्रोत्र अध्यात्म है, शब्द अधिभूत है, और दिशाएँ अधिदैवत हैं

śrotram adhyātmam ity āhur yathā śruti-nidarśinaḥ | śabdas tatrādhibhūtaḥ tu diśaś cātrādhidaivatam ||

Yājñavalkya berkata: “Mereka yang menyingkap makna Veda menyatakan bahawa telinga tergolong dalam diri batin (adhyātma); bunyi ialah unsur yang sepadan di alam (adhibhūta); dan arah-arah penjuru memerintahinya sebagai prinsip ketuhanan (adhidaivata).” Ajaran ini membingkai persepsi sebagai triad yang berdisiplin—diri, objek, dan tertib kosmik yang menaungi—agar pengalaman difahami tanpa kekeliruan dan hidup selaras dengan dharma.

श्रोत्रम्the ear (organ of hearing)
श्रोत्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रोत्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अध्यात्मम्the inner/self-related (adhyātma) aspect
अध्यात्मम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअध्यात्म
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
श्रुति-निदर्शिनःthose who cite/point to the Śruti
श्रुति-निदर्शिनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रुति-निदर्शिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शब्दःsound
शब्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere/in that context
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
अधिभूतम्the elemental/physical (adhibhūta) aspect
अधिभूतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअधिभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
दिशःthe directions (quarters)
दिशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदिश्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अत्रhere/in this case
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
अधिदैवतम्the divine/presiding-deity (adhidaivata) aspect
अधिदैवतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअधिदैवत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

याज़्वल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
Ś
Śruti (Vedic revelation)
D
Diśaḥ (the directions/quarters)

Educational Q&A

Perception is explained through a threefold mapping: the inner faculty (adhyātma: the ear), its external object (adhibhūta: sound), and the presiding cosmic/divine principle (adhidaivata: the directions). This helps one see experience as ordered and governed, supporting self-control and dharmic living.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on knowledge and liberation-oriented dharma, the sage Yājñavalkya teaches by classifying sense experience according to Vedic categories, showing how each sense has an inner basis, an outer object, and a divine regulator.