Shloka 48

बुद्धमप्रतिबुद्धत्वाद्‌ बुध्यमानं च तत्त्वतः । बुध्यमानं च बुद्ध च प्राहुयोगनिदर्शनम्‌,जो नित्य ज्ञानसम्पन्न परब्रह्म परमात्मा है, वही बुद्ध है तथा जो परमात्मतत्त्वको न जाननेके कारण जिकज्ञासु जीवात्मा है, उसकी “बुध्यमान' संज्ञा होती है। इस प्रकार योगके सिद्धान्तके अनुसार बुद्ध (नित्य ज्ञानसम्पन्न परमात्मा) और बुध्यमान (जिज्ञासु जीव)--ये दो चेतन माने गये हैं

buddham apratibuddhatvād budhyamānaṃ ca tattvataḥ | budhyamānaṃ ca buddhaṃ ca prāhur yoga-nidarśanam ||

Vasiṣṭha berkata: “Kerana belum terjaga (kejahilan), seseorang disebut ‘budhyamāna’—yang sedang menuju kesedaran; dan menurut hakikat, yang telah terjaga sepenuhnya disebut ‘buddha’. Dalam ajaran Yoga, dua ini—‘budhyamāna’ (jiwa pencari yang sedang mendekati pengetahuan) dan ‘buddha’ (Diri Tertinggi yang sentiasa berpengetahuan)—ditunjukkan untuk menerangkan doktrin.”

बुद्धम्the awakened/knower (Buddha)
बुद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √बुध्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अप्रतिबुद्धत्वात्because of non-awakening / lack of realization
अप्रतिबुद्धत्वात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअ-प्रतिबुद्ध-त्व (प्रातिपदिक; त्व-प्रत्यय)
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
बुध्यमानम्the one who is coming to know / the inquirer
बुध्यमानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुध्यमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √बुध्, शानच्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तत्त्वतःin truth / truly
तत्त्वतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्त्वतस्
बुध्यमानम्the one who is coming to know / the inquirer
बुध्यमानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुध्यमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √बुध्, शानच्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बुद्धम्the awakened/knower (Buddha)
बुद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √बुध्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्राहुःthey have said / they declare
प्राहुः:
TypeVerb
Root√अह् (ब्रू/अह्; परोक्ष-लिट्)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
योगनिदर्शनम्an illustration/teaching of yoga
योगनिदर्शनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयोग-निदर्शन (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes two states of consciousness used in Yoga teaching: (1) buddha—fully awakened, ever-established in knowledge (identified in the Gita Press gloss with the Supreme Self/Paramātman), and (2) budhyamāna—the individual who, due to ignorance, is still in the process of awakening through inquiry and realization. The point is to frame liberation as a movement from non-awakening to full knowledge.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and higher wisdom, Vasiṣṭha is teaching a metaphysical distinction to clarify the Yoga standpoint: the realized principle and the seeker are spoken of separately for pedagogical purposes, showing how spiritual practice and discernment culminate in awakening.