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Shloka 24

Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)

ज्ञात्वा सत्त्वगुणं देहं वृतं षोडशभिग्गुणै: । स्वभावं चेतनां चैव ज्ञात्वा देहसमाश्रिते

jñātvā sattvaguṇaṃ dehaṃ vṛtaṃ ṣoḍaśabhir guṇaiḥ | svabhāvaṃ cetanāṃ caiva jñātvā dehasamāśrite

Bhishma berkata: “Setelah memahami tubuh sebagai berciri sifat sattva dan diselubungi oleh enam belas unsur, serta setelah mengenali juga tabiat bawaan (svabhāva) dan kesedaran (cetanā) sebagai sesuatu yang bersemayam dalam tubuh dan bergantung padanya—hendaklah seseorang melangkah dengan pengertian yang benar tentang diri dan tentang laku.” Ajaran ini menuju kejernihan etika: ketahui apa yang bersyarat dalam diri (unsur tubuh dan kecenderungan) dan apa yang merupakan cahaya kesedaran, agar kewajipan dilaksanakan tanpa menyamakan diri dengan tubuh.

ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
सत्त्वगुणम्the quality of sattva
सत्त्वगुणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्वगुण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
देहम्the body
देहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेह (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वृतम्covered, enveloped
वृतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत (√वृ ‘to cover’)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
षोडशभिःby sixteen
षोडशभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootषोडश (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
गुणैःby qualities, constituents
गुणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगुण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
स्वभावम्one's nature
स्वभावम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वभाव (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चेतनाम्consciousness
चेतनाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचेतना (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
देहसमाश्रितेin the two that are dependent on the body
देहसमाश्रिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootदेह-समाश्रित (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative, Dual

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
deha (body)
S
sattva-guṇa
ṣoḍaśa-guṇa (sixteen constituents)
S
svabhāva
C
cetanā

Educational Q&A

Discernment: understand the body as a compound of constituents and guṇas, recognize innate tendencies (svabhāva), and distinguish these from consciousness (cetanā). This clarity supports ethical action (dharma) without mistaking bodily conditioning for the true self.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma continues his philosophical guidance to Yudhiṣṭhira, explaining how knowledge of the body’s constitution and the presence of consciousness within embodied life leads to right understanding and steadiness in conduct.