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Shloka 10

अध्याय २८६ — पराशर-उपदेशः

Ethical Restraint, Mortality, and Karma

यदा न शोचेमहि कि नु नः स्थाद्‌ धर्मेण वा नारद कर्मणा वा । कृतान्तवश्यानि यदा सुखानि दुःखानि वा यन्न विधर्षयन्ति,नारदजी! जब अज्ञान दूर हो जानेके कारण हम शोक ही नहीं करते हैं तो धर्म अथवा लौकिक कर्मसे हमारा क्या प्रयोजन है। सारे सुख और दुःख कालके अधीन होनेके कारण क्षणभंगुर हैं, अत: वे ज्ञानी पुरुषको पराभूत नहीं कर सकते हैं

samaḍa uvāca |

yadā na śocemahi ki nu naḥ syād dharmeṇa vā nārada karmaṇā vā |

kṛtāntavaśyāni yadā sukhāni duḥkhāni vā yan na vidhārṣayanti ||

Samada berkata: “Wahai Nārada! Apabila kejahilan telah tersingkir dan kami tidak lagi berdukacita, apakah perlunya bagi kami dharma—atau bahkan perbuatan duniawi? Oleh sebab suka dan duka berada di bawah kekuasaan Masa (Maut) dan bersifat sementara, maka ia tidak dapat menundukkan orang yang berpengertian.”

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
Formtemporal adverb
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formnegation
शोचेमहिwe grieve
शोचेमहि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootशुच्
Formpresent, 1st person, plural, Atmanepada
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
नुindeed/then (question particle)
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
Forminterrogative particle
नःfor us / to us
नः:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formgenitive/dative, plural (enclitic)
स्यात्might be / would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
Formoptative, 3rd person, singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मेणby/through dharma
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
Formdisjunctive particle
नारदO Narada
नारद:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootनारद
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
कर्मणाby/through action (worldly act)
कर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
Formdisjunctive particle
कृतान्त-वश्यानिsubject to Fate/Death (Time)
कृतान्त-वश्यानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृतान्तवश्य
Formneuter, nominative, plural
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
Formtemporal adverb
सुखानिpleasures/happinesses
सुखानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
Formneuter, nominative, plural
दुःखानिpains/sufferings
दुःखानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
Formneuter, nominative, plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
Formdisjunctive particle
यत्which/that (relative)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formnegation
विधर्षयन्तिoverpower/afflict
विधर्षयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootविधृष्
Formpresent, 3rd person, plural, Parasmaipada (causative/denominative sense: 'to overpower/afflict')

समड़ उवाच

S
Samaḍa
N
Nārada
K
Kṛtānta (Time/Death)

Educational Q&A

When true understanding removes ignorance, grief ceases; then one sees pleasure and pain as transient and governed by Time, unable to conquer the wise. The verse points toward inner freedom (vairāgya) grounded in insight rather than dependence on external outcomes.

In a discourse within Śānti Parva, Samaḍa addresses the sage Nārada, questioning the practical need for dharma or worldly action once one has reached a state beyond sorrow, emphasizing that all experiences of happiness and suffering are controlled by Time and are therefore not ultimately binding for the knower.