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Shloka 11

तृष्णाक्षय-उपदेशः

Instruction on the Cessation of Craving

निरासैरलसै: श्रान्तैस्तप्यमानै: स्वकर्मभि: । शमस्योपरमो दृष्ट: प्रत्रज्यायामपण्डितै:,गृहस्थाश्रमके धर्मोंका पालन करनेसे मोक्ष नहीं होता है, ऐसी किसकी वाणी सत्य होगी। जो श्रद्धारहित, मूढ़ और सूक्ष्मदृष्टिसे वंचित हैं, अस्थिर, आलसी, श्रान्त और अपने पूर्वकृत कर्मोंसे संतप्त हैं, वे अज्ञानी पुरुष ही संन्यास-मार्गका आश्रय ले गृहस्थाश्रममें शान्तिका अभाव देखते हैं

nirāśair alasaiḥ śrāntais tapyamānaiḥ svakarmabhiḥ | śamasyoparamo dṛṣṭaḥ pravrajyāyām apaṇḍitaiḥ ||

Kapila berkata: “Orang yang tidak bijaksana—tanpa śraddhā dan cita-cita, malas dan letih, serta diseksa oleh akibat perbuatan mereka sendiri—menyangka bahawa ketenteraman hanya ditemui melalui pelepasan diri. Dengan berlindung pada jalan pengembara-mendicant (pravrajyā), mereka mengisytiharkan bahawa disiplin grihastha tidak mempunyai ketenangan; namun penilaian itu lahir daripada kelemahan mereka sendiri, bukan daripada hakikat dharma.”

निराशैःby/with the hopeless (men)
निराशैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनिराश
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अलसैःby/with the lazy
अलसैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअलस
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
श्रान्तैःby/with the weary
श्रान्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रान्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तप्यमानैःby/with those being tormented
तप्यमानैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootतप्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural, Present passive participle (शानच्), middle/passive sense
स्वकर्मभिःby/with (their) own deeds
स्वकर्मभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
शमस्यof peace/tranquillity
शमस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशम
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
उपरमःcessation/absence
उपरमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपरम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दृष्टःis seen/has been seen
दृष्टः:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
प्रव्रज्यायाम्in renunciation (the wandering life)
प्रव्रज्यायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रव्रज्या
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
अपण्डितैःby the unlearned/ignorant
अपण्डितैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअपण्डित
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

कपिल उवाच

K
Kapila
P
pravrajyā (renunciant life)
G
gṛhasthāśrama (householder stage, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

Peace (śama) is not guaranteed merely by adopting external renunciation; those lacking steadiness and discernment may flee to pravrajyā and then wrongly disparage the householder path. True tranquility depends on inner discipline and wisdom, not on the label of one’s āśrama.

In Kapila’s discourse in the Śānti Parva, he critiques superficial renunciation: certain weary and deluded people, distressed by their own karmic burdens, claim that only the renunciant life yields peace and that the householder life cannot lead to liberation. Kapila frames this as an error of the unwise.