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Shloka 38

कपिल–स्यूमरश्मि संवादः

Kapila and Syūmaraśmi on Renunciation, Householder Support, and Epistemic Authority

हत्वा सत्त्वानि खादन्ति तान्‌ कथं न विगर्हसे । मानुषा मानुषानेव दासभावेन भुज्जते

hatvā sattvāni khādanti tān kathaṁ na vigarhase | mānuṣā mānuṣān eva dāsabhāvena bhuñjate ||

Tulādhāra mencabar kemarahan moral yang memilih-milih: manusia membunuh makhluk bernyawa lalu memakannya—mengapa engkau tidak mengecam? Dan manusia juga memperlakukan manusia lain sebagai hamba, menikmati hasil titik peluh mereka. Jika keganasan dan penindasan seperti itu ditoleransi, atas dasar apa satu amalan tertentu dipilih untuk dipersalahkan? Bait ini mengkritik kemunafikan dan menuntut ukuran dharma yang konsisten terhadap semua makhluk.

हत्वाhaving killed
हत्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund), कर्तरि
सत्त्वानिliving beings
सत्त्वानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
खादन्तिthey eat/devour
खादन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootखाद् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
तान्those (people)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कथम्how/why
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
विगर्हसेyou censure/blame
विगर्हसे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगर्ह् (धातु) उपसर्ग: वि-
Formलट् (Present), 2nd, Singular, Ātmanepada
मानुषाःmen/humans
मानुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मानुषान्men/humans
मानुषान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
दासभावेनby/through the condition of slavery
दासभावेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदासभाव (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
भुञ्जतेthey enjoy/consume
भुञ्जते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभुज् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), 3rd, Plural, Ātmanepada

तुलाधार उवाच

T
Tulādhāra
H
humans (mānuṣāḥ)
L
living beings (sattvāni)
S
slaves/servitude (dāsabhāva)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches ethical consistency: if one condemns harm in one form, one must also condemn other widespread harms—killing creatures for food and exploiting humans as slaves. Dharma requires non-violence and fairness applied without hypocrisy.

Tulādhāra is responding in a moral debate, rebuking selective condemnation. He points to common social practices—slaughtering animals and enslaving humans—to question the listener’s standards and to redirect the discussion toward broader, principled dharma.