Shloka 21

राजधर्मः—राष्ट्ररक्षणं, दण्डनीतिः, हयग्रीवोपाख्यानम्

Royal Duty: Protection, Penal Policy, and the Hayagrīva Exemplum

Devanagari script

एवमेतानि कालेन प्रियद्वेष्पाणि भागश: । जीवेषु परिवर्तन्ते दुःखानि च सुखानि च,इस प्रकार ये प्रिय और अप्रिय भाव ही दुःख और सुख बनकर अलग-अलग सभी जीवोंको प्राप्त होते रहते हैं

Transliteration

evametāni kālena priyadveṣyāṇi bhāgaśaḥ | jīveṣu parivartante duḥkhāni ca sukhāni ca ||

Translation

Vyāsa berkata: “Demikianlah, dalam perjalanan waktu, apa yang dirasa sebagai yang dicintai dan apa yang dirasa sebagai yang dibenci—masing-masing menurut bahagiannya—terus berputar dalam kalangan makhluk hidup, muncul sebagai duka dan sebagai suka.”

Word by Word

एवम्thus, in this manner

एतानिthese

कालेनby time, in course of time

प्रियpleasant, dear

द्वेष्याणिhateful, unpleasant

भागशःin parts, separately

जीवेषुamong living beings

परिवर्तन्तेturn about, change, occur in alternation

दुःखानिsorrows, sufferings

चand

सुखानिpleasures, happinesses

चand

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vyāsa

kāla (Time)

jīva (living beings)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Pleasure and pain arise from what one deems pleasant or unpleasant, and these experiences continually change with time; therefore one should cultivate steadiness and detachment rather than clinging to transient states.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa is instructing within the Śānti Parva’s reflective discourse, emphasizing that time causes alternating cycles of happiness and sorrow to move through all beings, framing a counsel toward equanimity.