Shloka 51

Adhyāya 240: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman — The Inner Hierarchy and Restraint (इन्द्रिय-मनस्-बुद्धि-आत्म-क्रमः)

Devanagari script

सत्त्वसंसेवनाद धीरो निद्रामुच्छेत्तुमरहति । विद्वानोंने योगके जो काम, क्रोध, लोभ, भय और पाँचवाँ स्वप्र--ये पाँच दोष बताये हैं उनका पूर्णतया उच्छेद करे। इनमेंसे क्रोधको शम (मनोनिग्रह) के द्वारा जीते, कामको संकल्पके त्यागद्वारा पराजित करे तथा धीर पुरुष सत्वगुणका सेवन करनेसे निद्राका उच्छेद कर सकता है

Transliteration

sattvasaṃsevanād dhīro nidrām ucchettum arhati | vidvān yoge ye kāma-krodha-lobha-bhayaṃ pañcamaṃ svapnam iti pañca doṣān āhuḥ, tān sarvathā samucchedayet | teṣu krodhaṃ śamena (manonigrahena) jayet, kāmaṃ saṅkalpatyāgena parājayet; tathā dhīraḥ sattvaguṇasaṃsevanena nidrām ucchettum arhati |

Translation

Vyāsa bersabda: Dengan memupuk sattva, seorang yang teguh menjadi mampu memutuskan tidur. Para bijaksana, ketika berbicara tentang yoga, menyatakan lima cela—nafsu, marah, tamak, takut, dan sebagai yang kelima, tidur/mimpi. Semuanya hendaklah dicabut hingga ke akar. Antara itu, marah ditundukkan dengan kawalan diri yang tenang; nafsu ditewaskan dengan meninggalkan tekad yang memaksa serta niat yang didorong ketagihan; demikian juga, melalui amalan sattva, orang yang berazam dapat mengatasi tidur.

Word by Word

• {'sattva-saṃsevana': 'cultivation/association with sattva (clarity, purity, balance)', 'dhīra': 'steadfast, self-possessed, resolute person', 'nidrā': 'sleep

• lethargy/drowsiness as an obstacle', 'ucchettum (uccheda)': 'to cut off, uproot, eradicate', 'vidvān': 'the wise, learned person', 'yoga': 'discipline of inner integration

• spiritual practice', 'kāma': 'desire, sensual craving', 'krodha': 'anger, wrath', 'lobha': 'greed, grasping', 'bhaya': 'fear', 'svapna': 'dream

• in context, sleep/dreaming as a fault/obstacle', 'doṣa': 'fault, defect, obstacle', 'śama': 'calmness

• self-control', 'manonigraha': 'restraint of the mind', 'saṅkalpa': 'resolve, intention

• often craving-driven mental construction', 'saṅkalpa-tyāga': 'abandonment of (craving-based) resolve/mental projections', 'parājayet': 'should defeat, overcome', 'sattva-guṇa': 'the quality of clarity and harmony'}

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Yoga requires uprooting five inner obstacles—desire, anger, greed, fear, and sleep/dreaming. Anger is mastered through śama (calm restraint of mind), desire through saṅkalpa-tyāga (dropping craving-driven intentions), and sleep is overcome by cultivating sattva (clarity and balance).

What is happening in the narrative?

In the didactic discourse of Śānti Parva, Vyāsa instructs on inner discipline: he lists specific psychological faults recognized by the wise in yogic practice and prescribes concrete methods to conquer them, emphasizing sattva as the basis for vigilance and self-mastery.