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Shloka 11

Āśrama-dharma and Brahmacarya: Śuka’s Inquiry on Karma and Tyāga (शुक-प्रश्नः कर्मत्यागविवेकश्च)

अध्यापयेदधीयीत याजयेत यजेत वा । न वृथा प्रतिगृह्लीयान्न च दद्यात्‌ कथंचन,ब्राह्मगको अध्ययन-अध्यापन, यजन-याजन तथा दान और प्रतिग्रह--इन छ: कर्मोंका आश्रय लेना चाहिये; परंतु उसे किसी तरह न तो अनुचित प्रतिग्रह स्वीकार करना चाहिये, न व्यर्थ दान ही देना चाहिये

adhyāpayed adhīyīta yājayet yajeta vā | na vṛthā pratigṛhṇīyān na ca dadyāt kathaṃcana ||

Vyāsa berkata: “Seorang brāhmaṇa hendaklah menyara dirinya melalui enam kewajipan yang dibenarkan—belajar dan mengajar, melakukan korban dan memimpin korban untuk orang lain, memberi dan menerima pemberian. Namun dia tidak boleh menerima pemberian secara tidak wajar atau tanpa sebab, dan dia juga tidak boleh bersedekah secara membazir atau tanpa pertimbangan.”

अध्यापयेत्should teach (make others study)
अध्यापयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअध्यापय् (अधि-√इ + णिच्)
FormVidhi-linga, Optative (injunctive sense: 'should'), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
अधीयीतshould study
अधीयीत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-√इ
FormVidhi-linga, Optative, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
याजयेत्should cause (others) to sacrifice / officiate
याजयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootयाजय् (√यज् + णिच्)
FormVidhi-linga, Optative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
यजेतshould sacrifice
यजेत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√यज्
FormVidhi-linga, Optative, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वृथाin vain / improperly / without purpose
वृथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवृथा
प्रतिगृह्लीयात्should accept/receive (as a gift)
प्रतिगृह्लीयात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-√ग्रह्
FormVidhi-linga, Optative, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
nor / not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√दा
FormVidhi-linga, Optative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
कथंचनin any way / at all (emphatic)
कथंचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथंचन

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
B
brāhmaṇa (as a social-religious role)

Educational Q&A

The verse defines the legitimate means of livelihood and conduct for a brāhmaṇa—study/teaching and sacrifice/officiating, along with giving/receiving gifts—while placing strict ethical limits: do not accept improper gifts, and do not give charity wastefully or indiscriminately.

In the Śānti Parva’s dharma instruction, Vyāsa lays down normative rules of right conduct, focusing here on regulated economic and ritual behavior—how one should teach, perform rites, and handle gifts so that livelihood remains aligned with dharma.