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Shloka 37

ब्राह्मणस्य पूर्वतरा वृत्तिः — The Earlier Ideal Conduct of a Brahmana

River-of-Saṃsāra Metaphor

कथमस्मद्विधो नाम जानन्‌ लोकप्रवृत्तय: । कालेनाभ्याहत: शोचेन्मुहोद्‌ वाप्यथ विशभ्रमेत्‌,किंतु मेरे-जैसा पुरुष जो जगतकी प्रवृत्तिको जानता है-उन्नति और अवनतिका कारण काल-प्रारब्ध ही है; ऐसा समझता है, वह तुम्हें महत्त्व कैसे दे सकता है? जो कालसे पीड़ित है, वह प्राणी शोकग्रस्त, मोहित अथवा भ्रान्त भी हो सकता है

katham asmad-vidho nāma jānan loka-pravṛttayaḥ | kālenābhyāhataḥ śocen muho vāpy atha viśabhramet ||

Bhīṣma berkata: “Bagaimana mungkin orang sepertiku—yang memahami perjalanan dan tabiat dunia—menganggapmu paling utama? Kerana aku tahu bahawa naik dan jatuh datang daripada Kāla (takdir, daya karma yang telah masak). Makhluk yang dipukul oleh Waktu boleh jatuh ke dalam dukacita, khayal, atau bahkan kekeliruan.”

कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
अस्मद्विधःone like me
अस्मद्विधः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअस्मद्विध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नामindeed/forsooth
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
जानन्knowing
जानन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
लोकप्रवृत्तयःthe ways/activities of the world
लोकप्रवृत्तयः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोकप्रवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
कालेनby time/fate
कालेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अभ्याहतःstruck/afflicted
अभ्याहतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-आ-हन्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
शोचेत्might grieve
शोचेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootशुच्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), present (potential), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मुहुःagain and again / suddenly
मुहुः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुः
उत्or (emphatic/alternative particle)
उत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत्
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अथthen/and/or else
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
विषभ्रमेत्might become deluded / wander in confusion
विषभ्रमेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-भ्रम्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), present (potential), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
kāla (Time/Fate)

Educational Q&A

That worldly elevation and decline are governed by Kāla (Time/fate), and therefore one should not overvalue personal importance; when struck by Time, beings naturally fall into grief, delusion, or confusion.

Bhishma, instructing in the Shanti Parva, reflects on how understanding the world’s course leads to a sober view: suffering and mental disturbance arise when Time turns against a person, so one should interpret events through the lens of Kāla rather than ego or personal blame.