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Shloka 48

Śakra–Namuci-saṃvāda: Śoka-nivāraṇa and Daiva-vicāra

Indra and Namuci on grief, composure, and inevitability

यथा रुरु: शृड्रमथो पुराणं हित्वा त्वचं वाप्युरगो यथा च । विहाय गच्छत्यनवेक्षमाण- स्तथा विमुक्तो विजहाति दुःखम्‌,जैसे रुकुनामक मृग अपने पुराने सींगको और साँप अपनी केंचुलको त्यागकर उसकी ओर देखे बिना ही चल देता है, उसी प्रकार ममता और अभिमानसे रहित हुआ पुरुष संसार-बन्धनसे मुक्त हो अपने सम्पूर्ण दुःखोंको दूर कर देता है

yathā ruruḥ śṛṅgam atho purāṇaṃ hitvā tvacaṃ vāpy urago yathā ca | vihāya gacchaty anavekṣamāṇas tathā vimukto vijahāti duḥkham ||

Bhīṣma berkata: “Seperti rusa ruru yang menanggalkan tanduk lamanya, dan seperti ular yang meluruhkan kulitnya lalu pergi tanpa menoleh lagi—demikianlah orang yang telah bebas, setelah melepaskan rasa ‘milikku’ dan keakuan, meninggalkan dukacita dan menanggalkan belenggu kewujudan duniawi.”

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
रुरुःthe ruru deer
रुरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शृङ्गम्horn
शृङ्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशृङ्ग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अथand/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
पुराणम्old, former
पुराणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुराण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हित्वाhaving abandoned
हित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootहा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
त्वचम्skin
त्वचम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्वच्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
उरगःa snake
उरगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउरग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विहायhaving left behind
विहाय:
TypeVerb
Rootहा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), वि
गच्छतिgoes
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अनवेक्षमाणःnot looking back
अनवेक्षमाणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनवेक्ष्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाso, in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
विमुक्तःfreed, liberated
विमुक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविमुक्त
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
विजहातिabandons, leaves behind
विजहाति:
TypeVerb
Rootहा
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, वि
दुःखम्sorrow, suffering
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
ruru (deer)
U
uraga (serpent)
O
old horn
S
slough/cast-off skin

Educational Q&A

Suffering is abandoned when one becomes vimukta—free from attachment, possessiveness (mamatā), and ego (abhimāna). The verse stresses moving forward without clinging to what has been outgrown, just as animals naturally discard what is no longer needed.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and the path to inner peace. Here he uses vivid natural metaphors—shedding an old horn and sloughing skin—to illustrate how a liberated person leaves worldly bonds behind and thereby leaves sorrow behind.