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Shloka 10

Varāha-avatāra: Viṣṇu’s subterranean intervention and the cosmic nāda (Śānti-parva 202)

यथा च राज्ञा बहवो हाामात्या: पृथक्‌ प्रमाणं प्रवदन्ति युक्ता: । तद्वच्छरीरेषु भवन्ति पठच ज्ञानैकदेश: परम: स तेभ्य:,जैसे किसी राजाके द्वारा भिन्न-भिन्न कार्योंमें नियुक्त किये गये बहुत-से मन्त्री अपने पृथक्‌-पृथक्‌ कार्योॉकी जानकारी राजाको कराते हैं। उसी प्रकार शरीरोंमें स्थित पाँच ज्ञानेन्द्रियाँ अपने-अपने एकदेशीय विषयका परिचय राजस्थानीय बुद्धिको देती हैं। जैसे मन्त्रियोंसे राजा श्रेष्ठ है, उसी प्रकार उन पाँचों इन्द्रियोंसे उनका प्रवर्तक वह ज्ञान श्रेष्ठ है

yathā ca rājñā bahavo hāmātyāḥ pṛthak pramāṇaṃ pravadanti yuktāḥ | tadvac charīreṣu bhavanti pañca jñānaikadeśaḥ paramaḥ sa tebhyaḥ ||

Bhishma bersabda: “Seperti ramai menteri yang dilantik raja untuk tugas yang berlainan, masing-masing melapor secara berasingan tentang fakta dan langkah bagi bidangnya, demikian juga dalam tubuh ini lima indera pengetahuan—masing-masing terbatas pada ruang lingkupnya—mempersembahkan objeknya kepada akal budi yang berdiri di tempat raja. Dan sebagaimana raja lebih tinggi daripada para menteri, demikianlah prinsip pengarah—pengetahuan (yang dihimpun dan ditadbir oleh akal budi)—lebih tinggi daripada kelima-lima indera itu.”

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
बहवःmany
बहवः:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अमात्याःministers
अमात्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पृथक्separately, individually
पृथक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक्
प्रमाणम्measure/standard; (here) the due account/extent
प्रमाणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रवदन्तिthey report, they state
प्रवदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
युक्ताःappointed/engaged; duly assigned
युक्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootयुज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Past passive participle
तद्वत्so, in the same way
तद्वत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्वत्
शरीरेषुin bodies
शरीरेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
भवन्तिthey are/occur/exist
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपञ्च
ज्ञानknowledge, cognition
ज्ञान:
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Stem (in compound)
एकदेशःa partial portion/limited part
एकदेशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootएकदेश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परमःsupreme, highest
परमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe/that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेभ्यःthan/from them
तेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
king (rājā)
M
ministers (amātya)
F
five sense-organs (pañca jñānendriya, implied)
I
intellect (buddhi, implied as ‘king-like’)

Educational Q&A

The senses provide only partial, domain-specific information, like ministers reporting from separate departments; the intellect (and the knowledge it organizes) is the higher governing faculty that should direct and integrate sensory inputs rather than be ruled by them.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira using a political analogy: ministers correspond to the five sense-organs, while the king corresponds to the intellect that receives their reports and stands above them as the guiding authority.