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Shloka 30

Adhyāya 199: Karma–Jñāna Causality and the Nirguṇa Brahman

Manu’s Instruction

यम उवाच तपसोअ<स्य सुतप्तस्य तथा सुचरितस्य च । फलप्राप्तिस्तव श्रेष्ठा यमो<हं त्वामुपब्रुवे,यमराज बोले--ब्रह्मन! तुम्हारेद्वारा भलीभाँति की हुई इस तपस्याका तथा शुभ आचरणोंका भी तुम्हें उत्तम फल प्राप्त हुआ है। मैं यमराज हूँ और स्वयं तुमसे यह बात कहता हूँ

yama uvāca tapaso 'sya sutaptasya tathā sucaritasya ca | phalaprāptis tava śreṣṭhā yamo 'haṃ tvām upabrūve ||

Yama berkata: “Wahai brāhmaṇa, kerana tapa (pertapaan) yang engkau lakukan dengan baik dan engkau tanggung sepenuhnya, dan juga kerana kelakuanmu yang mulia, engkau telah memperoleh ganjaran yang unggul. Akulah Yama, dan aku sendiri menyatakan hal ini kepadamu.”

यमःYama
यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तपसःof austerity
तपसः:
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
अस्यof this/your
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
सुतप्तस्यwell-performed (well-austered)
सुतप्तस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुतप्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तथाand also/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
सुचरितस्यof good conduct
सुचरितस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसुचरित
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
फलप्राप्तिःattainment of the fruit (result)
फलप्राप्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootफलप्राप्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तवof you/your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
श्रेष्ठाexcellent, best
श्रेष्ठा:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
यमःYama
यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
उपब्रुवेI tell/declare (to you)
उपब्रुवे:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormPresent, First, Singular, Atmanepada

यम उवाच

Y
Yama (Yamarāja)

Educational Q&A

True spiritual reward arises from both disciplined austerity (tapas) and sustained good conduct (sucarita). The verse links inner effort and ethical behavior to the rightful attainment of results (phala).

Yama identifies himself and directly addresses the interlocutor, affirming that the person’s well-performed austerities and virtuous conduct have borne an excellent fruit, thereby authoritatively validating the moral-spiritual outcome.