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Shloka 3

Adhyāya 199: Karma–Jñāna Causality and the Nirguṇa Brahman

Manu’s Instruction

कालस्य मृत्योश्व तथा यद्‌ वृत्तं तन्निबोध मे | यथा स तेषां संवादो यस्मिन्‌ स्थानेडपि चाभवत्‌,भीष्मजीने कहा--युधिष्ठिर! इसी प्रसंगमें उस प्राचीन इतिहासका उदाहरण दिया करते हैं, जिसमें राजा इक्ष्वाकु, सूर्यपुत्र यम, ब्राह्मण, काल और मृत्युके वृत्तान्तका उल्लेख है। जिस स्थानपर और जिस रूपमें उनका वह संवाद हुआ था, उसे बताता हूँ, मुझसे सुनो

kālasya mṛtyoś ca tathā yad vṛttaṃ tan nibodha me | yathā sa teṣāṃ saṃvādo yasmin sthāne ’pi cābhavat ||

Bhishma berkata: “Dengarlah daripadaku kisah tentang Kāla (Waktu) dan Mṛtyu (Maut). Aku akan ceritakan bagaimana dialog mereka berlangsung dan di tempat mana ia terjadi.”

कालस्यof Time
कालस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मृत्योःof Death
मृत्योः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाalso; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
यत्what; that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
वृत्तम्account; narrative; occurrence
वृत्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
निबोधunderstand; know
निबोध:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
मेfrom me / for me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive/Dative, Singular, First
यथाhow; as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
सःhe; that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormGenitive, Plural
संवादःconversation; dialogue
संवादः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंवाद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यस्मिन्in which
यस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
स्थानेin (the) place
स्थाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अपिalso; even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभवत्was; happened
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
Kāla (Time)
M
Mṛtyu (Death)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral-philosophical instruction: understanding human duty and conduct requires recognizing the governing forces of Time and Death, which set limits on life and outcomes. Bhīṣma prepares Yudhiṣṭhira to learn through a didactic dialogue that situates ethics within impermanence.

Bhīṣma introduces an upcoming account about Kāla and Mṛtyu. He tells the listener that he will describe both the content of their conversation and the place/setting in which it occurred, signaling the start of an illustrative ancient episode.