Shloka 293
मनु-उपदेशः — भूत-उत्पत्ति, इन्द्रिय-निवृत्ति, तथा पर-स्वभाव-विवेकः
Manu’s Instruction on Elemental Origination, Sense-Withdrawal, and Discrimination of the Supreme Nature
सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति भारत । भारत! सत्त्व, रज और तम--ये तीन गुण सदा ही प्राणियोंमें स्थित रहते हैं और इनके कारण उन सब जीवोंमें सात्विकी, राजसी और तामसी--यह तीन प्रकारकी अनुभूति देखी जाती है
sāttvikī rājasī caiva tāmasī ceti bhārata | bhārata! sattva, rajas aura tam—ye tīna guṇa sadā hī prāṇiyoṃ meṃ sthita rahate haiṃ aura inake kāraṇa una saba jīvoṃ meṃ sāttvikī, rājasī aura tāmasī—yaha tīna prakāra kī anubhūti dekhī jātī hai |
Bhishma bersabda: “Wahai Bharata, pengalaman dalam makhluk hidup ada tiga jenis—sattvik, rajasik, dan tamasik. Sesungguhnya, wahai keturunan Bharata, tiga guna—sattva, rajas, dan tamas—sentiasa bersemayam dalam semua makhluk; dan kerana itulah terlihat tiga corak persepsi dan tindak balas ini pada setiap insan dan makhluk.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
All beings are continually shaped by the three guṇas—sattva, rajas, and tamas—resulting in three corresponding modes of experience and disposition (sattvic clarity, rajasic passion, tamasic delusion). Ethical cultivation involves recognizing these tendencies and strengthening sattva.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira on dharma and inner discipline, explaining a foundational framework for understanding human behavior: the three guṇas and their effects on perception and conduct.