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Shloka 1

जपयोगयोः तुल्यफलनिर्णयः

Adhyāya 193: Adjudication of the Comparable Fruits of Japa and Yoga

हि 8 छा आफ आटा: - इस श्लोकमें पूर्वोक्त तीनों प्रश्नोंका एक साथ ही सामान्य उत्तर दे दिया गया है। जो जिस वर्ण अथवा आश्रमका है, उसका धर्माचरण भी वैसा ही है। धर्मका लक्षण है--स्वर्गप्राप्ति करानेवाला वर्णाश्रमोचित आचार। वर्ण और आश्रमके जितने भेद हैं, उतने ही उनके धर्मके भी हैं। द्विनवत्याधेकशततमो< ध्याय: वानप्रस्थ और संन्यास धर्मोका वर्णन तथा हिमालयके उत्तर पारश्वमें स्थित उत्कृष्ट लोककी विलक्षणता एवं महत्ताका प्रतिपादन, भूगु-भरद्वाज-संवादका उपसंहार भूगुरुवाच वानप्रस्था: खल्वपि धर्ममनुसरन्त: पुण्यानि तीर्थानि नदीप्रस्रवणानि सुविविक्तेष्वरण्येषु.. मृगमहिषवराहशार्दूवनगजाकीर्णेषबु_ तपस्यन्तो<नुसंचरन्ति त्यक्तग्राम्यवस्त्रा भ्यवहारोपभोगा वन्यौषधि-फलमूलपर्णपरिमितविचित्रनियताहारा: स्थानास-निनो भूमिपाषाणसिकताशर्करावालुका भस्म- शायिन: काशकुशचर्मवल्कलसंवृताड़ा: केश-श्मश्रुमखरोमधारिणोी नियतकालोपस्पर्शना अस्क-न्दितकालबलिहोमानुष्ठायिन: समित्कुशकुसुमापहा-रसम्मार्जनलब्धविश्रामा: शीतोष्णवर्षपवनविष्टम्भवि-भिन्नसर्वत्वचो विविधनियमोपयोगचर्यानुष्ठानविहि- तपरिशुष्कमांसशोणितत्वगस्थि भूता धृतिपरा: सत्त्व-योगाच्छरीराण्युद्वहन्ते,भगुजी कहते हैं--मुने! तीसरे आश्रम वानप्रस्थका पालन करनेवाले मनुष्य धर्मका अनुसरण करते हुए पवित्र तीर्थोमें, नदियोंके किनारे, झरनोंके आसपास तथा मृग, भैंसे, सूअर, सिंह एवं जंगली हाथियोंसे भरे हुए एकान्त वनोंमें तप करते हुए विचरते रहते हैं। गृहस्थोंके उपभोगमें आनेवाले ग्रामजनोचित सुन्दर वस्त्र, स्वादिष्ट भोजन और विषयभोगोंका परित्याग करके वे जंगलमें अपने-आप होनेवाले अन्न, फल, मूल तथा पत्तोंका परिमित, विचित्र एवं नियत आहार करते हैं। भूमिपर ही बैठते हैं। जमीन, पत्थर, रेत, कँकरीली मिट्टी, बालू अथवा राखपर ही सोते हैं। काश, कुश, मृगचर्म और वृक्षोंकी छालसे बने वस्त्रोंस अपना शरीर ढकते हैं। सिरके बाल, दाढ़ी, मूँठ, नख और रोम सदा धारण किये रहते हैं। नियत समयपर स्नान करके निश्चित कालका उल्लंघन न करते हुए बलिवैश्वदेव तथा अग्निहोत्र आदि कर्मोंका अनुष्ठान करते हैं। सबेरे हवन-पूजनके लिये समिधा, कुशा और फूल आदिका संग्रह करके आश्रमको झाड़-बुहार लेनेके पश्चात्‌ उन्हें कुछ विश्राम मिलता है। सर्दी गर्मी, वर्षा और हवाका वेग सहते-सहते उनके शरीरके चमड़े फट जाते हैं। नाना प्रकारके नियमोंका पालन और सत्कर्मोंका अनुष्ठान करते रहनेसे उनके रक्त और मांस सूख जाते हैं और शरीरकी जगह चामसे ढँकी हुई हड्डियोंका ढाँचामात्र रह जाता है; फिर भी धैर्य रखकर साहसपूर्वक शरीरका भार ढोते रहते हैं

bhṛgur uvāca | vānaprasthāḥ khalv api dharmam anusarantāḥ puṇyāni tīrthāni nadīprasravaṇāni suvivi kteṣv araṇyeṣu mṛga-mahiṣa-varāha-śārdūla-vana-gajākīrṇeṣu tapasyanto 'nusañcaranti | tyakta-grāmya-vastrābhya-vahāropabhogā vanyauṣadhi-phala-mūla-parṇa-parimita-vicitra-niyatāhārāḥ sthānāsanino bhūmi-pāṣāṇa-sikatā-śarkarā-vālukā-bhasma-śāyinaḥ kāśa-kuśa-carma-valkala-saṃvṛtāṅgāḥ keśa-śmaśru-nakha-roma-dhāriṇaḥ niyata-kālopasparśanāḥ askandita-kāla-bali-homa-anuṣṭhāyinaḥ samit-kuśa-kusumāpahāra-sammārjana-labdha-viśrāmāḥ śītoṣṇa-varṣa-pavana-viṣṭambha-vibhinnasarva-tvaco vividha-niyamopayoga-caryānuṣṭhāna-vihita-pariśuṣka-māṃsa-śoṇita-tvag-asthi-bhūtā dhṛti-parāḥ sattva-yogāc charīrāṇy udvahante |

Bhṛgu said: Even those who have entered the forest-dweller’s stage (vānaprastha) follow dharma. They move about performing austerities at holy fords, along rivers and springs, and in secluded forests filled with deer, buffalo, boar, tigers, and wild elephants. Renouncing village life—fine clothing, rich foods, and sensual enjoyments—they subsist on what the wilderness provides: herbs, fruits, roots, and leaves, taken in measured, varied, and regulated portions. They sit on the ground and sleep on earth, stone, sand, gravel, dust, or ashes. Their bodies are covered with garments of reeds and kuśa-grass, animal skins, and bark-cloth. They keep their hair, beard, nails, and body-hair uncut, bathe at fixed times, and do not transgress the appointed seasons. They maintain offerings and fire-rites, gathering fuel-sticks, kuśa, and flowers for worship, and only after cleaning their hermitage do they allow themselves a little rest. Enduring cold, heat, rain, and wind until their skin cracks, and persisting in vows and disciplined practices, their flesh and blood dry up so that they seem little more than bones covered with skin—yet, with steadfast courage, they continue to bear the body’s burden. The passage presents vānaprastha as an ethical training in restraint, endurance, and ritual responsibility, where suffering is not sought for its own sake but accepted as the cost of inner steadiness and fidelity to dharma.

{'vānaprasthaḥ''forest-dweller
{'vānaprasthaḥ':
the third āśrama (life-stage) oriented to austerity and withdrawal', 'dharma''righteous order
the third āśrama (life-stage) oriented to austerity and withdrawal', 'dharma':
ethical and ritual law sustaining society and the self', 'tīrtha''holy ford/pilgrimage place
ethical and ritual law sustaining society and the self', 'tīrtha':
a site of crossing and purification', 'nadīprasravaṇa''river-flow/spring
a site of crossing and purification', 'nadīprasravaṇa':
water-source associated with purity and ascetic dwelling', 'araṇya''forest
water-source associated with purity and ascetic dwelling', 'araṇya':
wilderness, the ascetic’s domain', 'tapas / tapasyā''austerity
wilderness, the ascetic’s domain', 'tapas / tapasyā':
disciplined heat/effort for purification and spiritual power', 'tyakta''abandoned
disciplined heat/effort for purification and spiritual power', 'tyakta':
renounced', 'grāmya''village-based
renounced', 'grāmya':
worldly, domestic', 'upabhoga''enjoyment
worldly, domestic', 'upabhoga':
consumption, sensual indulgence', 'vanya''wild
consumption, sensual indulgence', 'vanya':
produced in the forest', 'auṣadhi''herb/medicinal plant', 'phala-mūla-parṇa': 'fruit, root, and leaf (forest foods)', 'niyatāhāra': 'regulated diet
produced in the forest', 'auṣadhi':
measured intake', 'bhūmi-śāyin''one who sleeps on the ground', 'valkala': 'bark-cloth
measured intake', 'bhūmi-śāyin':
ascetic garment', 'kuśa''sacred grass used in rites and ascetic practice', 'carma': 'animal skin
ascetic garment', 'kuśa':
used as a covering or seat', 'keśa-śmaśru-nakha-roma-dhārin''keeping hair, beard, nails, and body-hair (uncut) as part of vow', 'niyata-kāla': 'fixed time/season
used as a covering or seat', 'keśa-śmaśru-nakha-roma-dhārin':
prescribed schedule', 'bali''offering (often to beings/spirits)
prescribed schedule', 'bali':
part of daily ritual duty', 'homa''fire-offering
part of daily ritual duty', 'homa':
oblation into sacred fire', 'samit''fuel-stick for the sacrificial fire', 'sammārjana': 'sweeping/cleaning
oblation into sacred fire', 'samit':
maintaining the hermitage', 'śītoṣṇa-varṣa-pavana''cold, heat, rain, and wind (hardships of nature)', 'dhṛti': 'steadfastness
maintaining the hermitage', 'śītoṣṇa-varṣa-pavana':
fortitude', 'sattva-yoga''discipline grounded in clarity/inner strength (sattva) and self-control', 'śarīra-udvahana': 'bearing/carrying the body
fortitude', 'sattva-yoga':

भरद्वाज उवाच

B
Bhṛgu
V
vānaprastha (forest-dweller āśrama)
T
tīrthas (holy places)
R
rivers (nadī)
S
springs/streams (prasravaṇa)
F
forests (araṇya)
D
deer (mṛga)
B
buffalo (mahiṣa)
B
boar (varāha)
T
tiger (śārdūla)
W
wild elephant (vana-gaja)
K
kuśa grass
K
kāśa reeds
B
bark-cloth (valkala)
A
animal skin (carma)
F
fire-rites (homa)
O
offerings (bali)
F
fuel-sticks (samit)

Educational Q&A

Vānaprastha-dharma is portrayed as disciplined renunciation: giving up village comforts, living on simple forest foods, maintaining daily ritual obligations, and cultivating dhṛti (fortitude). Ethical strength is shown through regulated living and endurance rather than mere withdrawal.

In the Bhṛgu–Bharadvāja dialogue, Bhṛgu describes how forest-dwellers live and practice: they wander among tīrthas and forests, perform austerities, keep vows and fire-rites, and accept harsh natural conditions while sustaining inner steadiness.