Shloka 4

Devanagari script

ब्राह्मणा: क्षत्रिया वैश्या: शूद्राश्न द्विजसत्तम | ये चान्ये भूतसड्घानां सड्घास्तांश्वापि निर्ममे,द्विजश्रेष्ठ! फिर उन्होंने ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय, वैश्य और शूद्र--इन चारों वर्णोॉंकी रचना की और प्राणिसमूहोंमें जो अन्य समुदाय हैं, उनकी भी सृष्टि की

Transliteration

brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāś ca dvijasattama | ye cānye bhūtasaṅghānāṃ saṅghās tān śvāpi nirmame, dvijaśreṣṭha ||

Translation

Bharadvāja berkata: “Wahai yang terbaik antara yang dua kali lahir! Kemudian Dia membentuk empat varṇa—Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, dan Śūdra. Dan di antara segala himpunan makhluk hidup, apa jua komuniti dan kelompok lain yang wujud, semuanya itu pun Dia jadikan.”

Word by Word

ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins

क्षत्रियाःKshatriyas

वैश्याःVaishyas

शूद्राःShudras

द्विजसत्तमO best of the twice-born

येwho/which

चand

अन्येother

भूतसङ्घानाम्of the groups of beings

सङ्घाःcommunities/groups

तान्them

चalso/and

अपिalso/even

निर्ममेcreated/made

द्विजश्रेष्ठO best of the twice-born

Speaker

भरद्वाज उवाच

Characters & Entities

Bharadvāja

Brāhmaṇa

Kṣatriya

Vaiśya

Śūdra

bhūta-saṅgha (multitudes of living beings)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse presents a cosmological framing of social and biological diversity: the four varṇas and other communities of beings are described as products of an ordered creation, implying a structured universe where roles and groupings are understood within a larger dharmic design.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bharadvāja is describing an act of creation: after an earlier stage of cosmogony, the creator is said to have produced the four human varṇas and, beyond them, the many other collectives found among living beings.