Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 39

भृगु–भरद्वाजसंवादः: वर्णभेदस्य कर्माधारितव्याख्या

Bhrigu–Bharadvaja Dialogue: A Karma-Based Account of Varṇa

दृष्टवा कुणीन्‌ पक्षहतान्‌ मनुष्यानामयाविन: । सुसम्पूर्ण: स्वया योन्या लब्धलाभोडसि काश्यप,“काश्यप! कुछ मनुष्य लूले और लँगड़े हैं, कुछ लोगोंको लकवा मार गया है, बहुत-से मनुष्य निरन्तर रोगी ही रहते हैं। उन सबकी ओर देखकर यह कहना पड़ता है कि आप अपनी योनिके अनुसार नीरोग और परिपूर्ण अंगवाले हैं। आपको मानवशरीरका लाभ मिल चुका है

dṛṣṭvā kūṇīn pakṣahatān manuṣyān āmayāvinaḥ | susampūrṇaḥ svayā yonyā labdhalābho ’si kāśyapa ||

Bhishma berkata: “Melihat manusia yang tempang, anggota tubuhnya rosak, dan yang ditimpa penyakit, orang harus mengakui ini: wahai Kāśyapa, engkau sihat dan sempurna menurut tabiat kelahiranmu sendiri. Engkau telah memperoleh keuntungan besar—yakni tubuh manusia.”

दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
कुणीन्cripples / maimed persons
कुणीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुणि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पक्षहतान्with limbs disabled (lit. struck in the limbs/wings)
पक्षहतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपक्षहत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मनुष्यान्men / humans
मनुष्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आमयाविनःdiseased / afflicted with illness
आमयाविनः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआमयाविन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सुसम्पूर्णःwell-complete / fully endowed
सुसम्पूर्णः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुसम्पूर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वयाby/with one’s own
स्वया:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
योन्याby (your) birth/species/womb
योन्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयोनि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
लब्धलाभःone who has obtained the gain (i.e., the benefit already secured)
लब्धलाभः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootलब्धलाभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
असिyou are
असि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
काश्यपO Kāśyapa
काश्यप:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootकाश्यप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
Kāśyapa
H
human beings (manuṣyāḥ)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma highlights the rarity and value of a sound human embodiment. By contrasting health with visible suffering and disability, he urges gratitude and ethical seriousness: possessing a complete, healthy human life is itself a major ‘gain’ that should be used for dharmic living.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction, Bhīṣma addresses Kāśyapa and points to the condition of many people—crippled or chronically ill—to emphasize that Kāśyapa’s healthy, complete body is a fortunate attainment, already a significant accomplishment and opportunity.