Shloka 79

Dama-pradhāna-dharma (Self-restraint as the Root of Dharma) — Śānti-parva 154

Devanagari script

अप्रियं परुषं चापि परद्रोहं परस्त्रियम्‌

Transliteration

apriyaṁ paruṣaṁ cāpi paradrohaṁ parastriyam

Translation

Jambuka berkata: “(Jauhilah) perkara yang tidak menyenangkan, kata-kata yang kasar, pengkhianatan terhadap orang lain, dan isteri orang.”

Word by Word

• अप्रियम्: unpleasant, disagreeable
• अप्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अप्रिय
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• परुषम्: harsh, rough
• परुषम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परुष
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also, even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• परद्रोहम्: treachery toward another; harming others
• परद्रोहम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: परद्रोह
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• परस्त्रियम्: another's wife
• परस्त्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: परस्त्री
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

जम्बुक उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Jambuka

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse lists key ethical restraints: avoid speech and actions that are unpleasant or harsh, do not betray or harm others, and do not engage in relations with another man’s wife—principles supporting social trust, self-control, and dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, Jambuka speaks in a moral-instruction mode, enumerating behaviors to be rejected as part of righteous conduct.