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Shloka 106

Dasyu-maryādā and Buddhi-guided Rāja-nīti (दस्युमर्यादा तथा बुद्धिप्रधान-राजनीति)

राजा दीन-दुःखियोंकी भी सुधि लेता और सबका पालन करता है, इसलिये वह माताके समान है। अपने और प्रजाके अप्रियजनोंको वह जलाता रहता है; अतः अग्निके समान है और दुष्टोंका दमन करके उन्हें संयममें रखता है; इसलिये यम कहा गया है ।।

rājā dīna-duḥkhiyōṃ kī bhī sudhi lētā aura sabkā pālana karatā hai, isaliye vaha mātā ke samāna hai. apane aura prajā ke apriyajanōṃ ko vaha jalātā rahatā hai; ataḥ agni ke samāna hai aura duṣṭōṃ kā damana karake unheṃ saṃyama meṃ rakhatā hai; isaliye yama kahā gayā hai. iṣṭeṣu visṛjann arthān kubera iva kāmadaḥ. gurur dharmopadeśena goptā ca paripālayan.

Brahmadatta berkata: Seorang raja sentiasa mengingati orang miskin dan yang menderita serta menyara semua; maka baginda seperti seorang ibu. Baginda membakar apa yang memudaratkan dan tidak disenangi—pada dirinya dan pada rakyatnya; maka baginda seperti api. Dengan mengekang dan menghukum orang jahat, baginda menundukkan mereka kepada disiplin; maka baginda disebut Yama. Dengan mencurahkan harta kepada para penyokongnya dan memenuhi kehendak mereka, baginda seperti Kubera, pemberi kekayaan. Dengan mengajarkan dharma, baginda ialah guru; dan dengan melindungi serta memelihara semua, baginda ialah penjaga.

इष्टेषुamong/for the dear ones
इष्टेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootइष्ट (इष् धातु से क्त; ‘प्रिय/इच्छित’)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
विसृजन्giving away, distributing
विसृजन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि+सृज् (धातु)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्थान्wealth, resources
अर्थान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कुबेरKubera
कुबेर:
Karta
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootकुबेर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
कामदःgiver of desires (one who fulfills wishes)
कामदः:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootकामद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुरुःteacher, preceptor
गुरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मोपदेशेनby instruction in dharma
धर्मोपदेशेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मोपदेश (धर्म + उपदेश)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
गोप्ताprotector, guardian
गोप्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगोप्तृ (गुप् धातु से तृच्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परिपालयन्protecting, maintaining
परिपालयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरि+पाल् (धातु)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच

B
Brahmadatta
R
Rājā (the king)
A
Agni
Y
Yama
K
Kubera
P
Prajā (subjects)

Educational Q&A

The verse defines ideal kingship through layered metaphors: the ruler must nurture like a mother, purify and deter harm like fire, enforce justice like Yama, provide prosperity like Kubera, teach dharma like a guru, and protect all as a guardian. Rajadharma is presented as a balance of compassion, discipline, generosity, and moral instruction.

In the Shanti Parva’s discourse on governance and dharma, Brahmadatta describes the king’s public role by comparing him to divine and elemental archetypes (Agni, Yama, Kubera). The passage is didactic, outlining how a ruler should relate to subjects—supporting the vulnerable, restraining wrongdoers, rewarding the worthy, and upholding dharma.