Shloka 5

Kośa-saṃjanana and Subtle Dharma

Treasury Formation and Fine-Grained Ethics

Devanagari script

उच्चैव॒त्ति: श्रियो हानिर्यथैव मरणं तथा । तस्मात्‌ कोशं बलं मित्रमथ राजा विवर्धयेत्‌

Transliteration

uccair vṛttiḥ śriyo hānir yathaiva maraṇaṃ tathā | tasmāt kośaṃ balaṃ mitram atha rājā vivardhayet ||

Translation

Bhishma berkata: Bagi orang yang telah naik ke kedudukan tinggi kerana kekayaan dan kemakmuran, kehilangan harta itu membawa derita seumpama maut. Maka raja hendaklah sentiasa memperkukuh perbendaharaan, angkatan bersenjata, dan bilangan sahabat sekutu.

Word by Word

• उच्चैः: highly, aloft
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उच्चैः
• Form: Avyaya (adverb)

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव
• Form: Avyaya (particle)

• वृत्तिः: condition/state (of being), course of life
• वृत्तिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत्ति
• Form: Feminine, nominative, singular

• श्रियो: of prosperity/wealth
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्री
• Form: Feminine, genitive, singular

• हानिः: loss
• हानिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: हानि
• Form: Feminine, nominative, singular

• यथा: as, just as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा
• Form: Avyaya (comparative particle)

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव
• Form: Avyaya (particle)

• मरणम्: death
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरण
• Form: Neuter, nominative, singular

• तथा: so, likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा
• Form: Avyaya (correlative particle)

• तस्मात्: therefore, from that (reason)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तस्मद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, ablative, singular

• कोशम्: treasury
• कोशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोश
• Form: Masculine, accusative, singular

• बलम्: army/strength
• बलम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल
• Form: Neuter, accusative, singular

• मित्रम्: ally/friend
• मित्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र
• Form: Neuter, accusative, singular

• अथ: then, and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ
• Form: Avyaya (connective)

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, nominative, singular

• विवर्धयेत्: should increase, should augment
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृध्
• Form: Optative (vidhi-lin), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular, present-system causative sense (vi-vardhaya-)

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• king (rājā)
• treasury (kośa)
• army/force (bala)
• allies/friends (mitra)
• prosperity/fortune (śrī)