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Shloka 17

Śīla-prāpti and Śīla-lakṣaṇa (शीलप्राप्ति-शीललक्षणम्) | On the Acquisition and Marks of Character

दुराचारान्‌ यदा राजा प्रदुष्टानू न नियच्छति । तस्मादुद्धिजते लोक: सर्पाद्‌ वेश्मगतादिव,जब राजा दुष्टों और दुराचारियोंको दण्ड देकर काबूमें नहीं करता है, तब सारी प्रजा घरमें रहनेवाले सर्पकी भाँति उस राजासे उद्विग्न हो उठती है

durācārān yadā rājā praduṣṭān na niyacchati | tasmād udvijate lokaḥ sarpād veśmagatād iva ||

Apabila raja gagal mengekang dan menghukum orang yang rosak dan jahat, rakyat menjadi gelisah dan takut terhadap pemerintah itu—seperti seseorang terganggu oleh ular yang masuk ke dalam rumah.

दुराचारान्evil-doers / those of bad conduct
दुराचारान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुराचार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रदुष्टान्corrupt / wicked (persons)
प्रदुष्टान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रदुष्ट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नियच्छतिrestrains / controls
नियच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootयम् (यच्छति)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्मात्therefore / from that (cause)
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
उद्विजतेis agitated / becomes anxious
उद्विजते:
TypeVerb
Rootउद् + विज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
लोकःthe people
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्पात्from a snake
सर्पात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
वेश्मगतात्that has entered the house / being in the house
वेश्मगतात्:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootवेश्मगत
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
इवlike / as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

कामन्दक उवाच

K
Kāmandaka
R
rājā (king)
L
loka (people)
S
sarpa (snake)
V
veśma (house)

Educational Q&A

A king must restrain and punish wrongdoers; otherwise public safety collapses and the ruler himself becomes a cause of fear. Justice (daṇḍa) is presented as a necessary instrument of rājadharma to protect the innocent and maintain order.

Kāmandaka states a principle of statecraft: if the king does not check corrupt and wicked persons, the populace grows alarmed and uneasy, comparing such a kingdom to a home troubled by a snake inside it.