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Shloka 39

त्रिवर्गमूलनिश्चयः — Determining the Roots of Dharma, Artha, and Kāma

Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 123

क्षुपस्तु मनवे प्रादादादित्यतनयाय च । पुत्रेभ्य: श्राद्धदेवस्तु सूक्ष्मधर्मार्थकारणात्‌

kṣupas tu manave prādād ādityatanayāya ca | putrebhyaḥ śrāddhadevas tu sūkṣma-dharmārtha-kāraṇāt ||

Vasuharoma berkata: “Kṣupa menyerahkannya kepada Manu, putera Surya. Manu—yang dikenali sebagai Śrāddhadeva—kemudian mengamanahkannya kepada putera-puteranya, demi pemeliharaan halus terhadap dharma dan artha.” Rangkap ini menegaskan bahawa alat kewibawaan atau ketetapan yang berkuasa hendaklah dipindahkan dengan sengaja melalui salasilah yang sah, agar tertib masyarakat, keadilan, dan kemakmuran terpelihara dengan kebijaksanaan, bukan dengan kekerasan semata-mata.

क्षुपःKṣupa (a person named Kṣupa)
क्षुपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
मनवेto Manu
मनवे:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootमनु
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
प्रादात्gave
प्रादात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormAorist (simple past), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आदित्यतनयायto the son of Āditya (the Sun)
आदित्यतनयाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्यतनय
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पुत्रेभ्यःto (his) sons
पुत्रेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
श्राद्धदेवःŚrāddhadeva (a name of Manu)
श्राद्धदेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्धदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
सूक्ष्मधर्मार्थकारणात्from/for the reason of subtle dharma and artha
सूक्ष्मधर्मार्थकारणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसूक्ष्मधर्मार्थकारण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

वसुहरोम उवाच

वसुहरोम (Vasu-haroma)
क्षुप (Kṣupa)
मनु (Manu)
आदित्य / सूर्य (Āditya / Sūrya)
श्राद्धदेव (Śrāddhadeva)
पुत्र (sons of Manu)

Educational Q&A

That instruments of governance and moral regulation must be transmitted through rightful lineage and applied with subtle discernment to protect both dharma (justice/moral order) and artha (welfare/polity).

Vasu-haroma recounts a chain of custody: Kṣupa gives the entrusted authority to Vaivasvata Manu (Śrāddhadeva), and Manu then assigns it to his sons to ensure the careful maintenance of dharma and artha.