Shloka 59

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

Devanagari script

वे ही देवता, मनुष्य, नाग, असुर तथा राक्षसोंसहित सम्पूर्ण लोकोंके कर्ता तथा समस्त प्राणियोंके स्रष्टा हैं ।। ततोडन्यो व्यवहारो<यं भर्तप्रत्ययलक्षण: । तस्मादिदमथोवाच व्यवहारनिदर्शनम्‌,उन्हींसे भर्तृप्रत्यय नामक इस अन्य प्रकारके दण्डकी प्रवृति हुई; फिर उन्होंने ही इस व्यवहारके लिये यह आदर्श वाक्य कहा--

Transliteration

te hi devatā manuṣyā nāgā asurā tathā rākṣasaiḥ sahitāḥ samastalokānāṃ kartāraḥ tathā samastaprāṇināṃ sraṣṭāraḥ | tato 'nyo vyavahāro 'yaṃ bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ | tasmād idam athovāca vyavahāranidarśanam |

Translation

Bhishma berkata: Dialah sesungguhnya pembuat segala alam—bersama para dewa, manusia, nāga, asura dan rākṣasa—serta pencipta semua makhluk bernyawa. Daripadanya timbul satu lagi cara pemerintahan, yang bercirikan pergantungan kepada pelindung (yakni kewibawaan raja). Maka, untuk memperlihatkan prinsip tertib awam dan pengadilan ini, baginda kemudian mengucapkan suatu pernyataan teladan sebagai contoh.

Word by Word

• {'te (te hi)': 'they/he indeed (emphatic reference to the supreme source)', 'devatāḥ': 'gods, divine beings', 'manuṣyāḥ': 'human beings', 'nāgāḥ': 'nāgas

• serpent/divine serpent beings', 'asurāḥ': 'asuras

• anti-gods, powerful non-divine beings', 'rākṣasāḥ': 'rākṣasas

• demons/ogre-like beings', 'sahitāḥ': 'together with, accompanied by', 'samasta-lokānām': 'of all worlds/realms', 'kartāraḥ': 'maker, doer, author (agent of creation/ordering)', 'samasta-prāṇinām': 'of all living beings', 'sraṣṭāraḥ': 'creator, progenitor', 'tataḥ': 'from that, thereafter', 'anyaḥ': 'another, different', 'vyavahāraḥ': 'worldly practice

• adjudication', 'bhartṛ-pratyaya-lakṣaṇaḥ': 'marked by reliance on a protector/maintainer (i.e., kingly authority as the basis of order)', 'tasmāt': 'therefore, for that reason', 'idam': 'this (statement/teaching)', 'atha uvāca': 'then he said', 'vyavahāra-nidarśanam': 'an illustration/model example of legal practice or public order'}

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• devatāḥ
• manuṣyāḥ
• nāgāḥ
• asurāḥ
• rākṣasāḥ
• samastalokāḥ
• samastaprāṇinaḥ

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Order in society (vyavahāra—governance and legal procedure) is grounded in a higher cosmic source; legitimate authority functions as a ‘protector’ (bhartṛ), and reliance on such protective rulership becomes the basis for enforcing dharma and maintaining public order.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva discourse on rājadharma, Bhīṣma explains to Yudhiṣṭhira that the creator of all beings also established a distinct system of worldly governance and adjudication. He introduces an exemplary statement meant to illustrate how this system of public order operates.