Shloka 21

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

Devanagari script

शास्त्र ब्राह्मणमन्त्राश्व॒ शास्ता प्राग्वदतां वर: । धर्मपालो5क्षरो देव: सत्यगो नित्यगोडग्रज:

Transliteration

śāstra-brāhmaṇa-mantrāśva śāstā prāg-vadatāṃ varaḥ | dharma-pālo 'kṣaro devaḥ satya-go nitya-go 'grajaḥ ||

Translation

Bhīṣma berkata: “Dialah pembimbing tertinggi, yang terbaik antara para penutur zaman silam—menegakkan kewibawaan śāstra, kesucian Brāhmaṇa, dan kekuatan mantra suci. Dialah pelindung dharma, Yang Ilahi tak binasa, sentiasa bergerak dalam kebenaran dan sentiasa teguh—sang tua yang terdepan.”

Word by Word

• शास्त्र: scripture; treatise
• शास्त्र: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शास्त्र
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• ब्राह्मण: Brahmin; priest
• ब्राह्मण: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मन्त्र: mantra; sacred formula
• मन्त्र: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्त्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अश्व: horse
• अश्व: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शास्ता: ruler; instructor; chastiser
• शास्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शास्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Agent noun (तृच्/तार् type), 'one who rules/instructs'

• प्राक्: formerly; earlier
• प्राक्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्राक्

• वदताम्: of speakers; of those who speak
• वदताम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: वद्
• Form: Present participial base used as genitive plural (वदत्), Plural, Genitive plural of present active participle: 'of those who speak'

• वरः: best; excellent
• वरः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धर्मपालः: protector of dharma
• धर्मपालः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मपाल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अक्षरः: imperishable; syllable (here: imperishable one)
• अक्षरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्षर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• देवः: god; divine being
• देवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सत्यगः: one who goes in/abides in truth
• सत्यगः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्यग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नित्यगः: ever-going; eternal
• नित्यगः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नित्यग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अग्रजः: elder-born; elder brother; first-born
• अग्रजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्रज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Deva (the divine protector/ruler, unnamed in this verse)
• Brāhmaṇa
• Śāstra
• Mantra