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Shloka 16

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

नाशयेद्‌ बलबहाणि संनिवासान्‌ निवासयेत्‌ । सदा बह्िनिभ: काम॑ प्रशस्तं कृतमाचरेत्‌ । सर्वतश्नाददेत्‌ प्रज्ञां पतंगं गहनेष्विव,शत्रुकी सेनाकी पाँख काट डाले--उसे दुर्बल कर दे, श्रेष्ठ पुरुषोंको अपने निकट बसावे। मोरके समान स्वेच्छानुसार उत्तम कार्य करे--जैसे मोर अपने पंख फैलाता है, उसी प्रकार अपने पक्ष (सेना और सहायकों) का विस्तार करे। सबसे बुद्धि--सद्दिचार ग्रहण करे और जैसे टिड्डियोंका दल जंगलमें जहाँ गिरता है, वहाँ वृक्षोंपर पत्तेतक नहीं छोड़ता, उसी प्रकार शत्रुओंपर आक्रमण करके उनका सर्वस्व नष्ट कर दे

bhīṣma uvāca | nāśayed balavāhāni saṁnivāsān nivāsayet | sadā vahni-nibhaḥ kāmaṁ praśastaṁ kṛtam ācaret | sarvataś cādadet prajñāṁ pataṅgaṁ gahaneṣv iva |

Bhishma berkata: “Hendaklah dia memusnahkan sumber kekuatan dan keupayaan gerak musuh, serta mendirikan perkhemahan dan penempatan yang kukuh bagi pihaknya. Sentiasa bertenaga dan berazam seperti api, hendaklah dia, menurut pertimbangannya, melakukan apa yang terpuji dan berkesan. Dari setiap penjuru hendaklah dia mengumpulkan risikan dan kebijaksanaan yang praktikal; dan seperti kawanan belalang yang turun ke rimba, hendaklah dia menghentam musuh sehingga tiada satu pun sumber mereka yang tinggal.”

नाशयेत्should destroy
नाशयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनाशय् (णिच्) < नश्
FormVidhi-linga, Optative (present-system), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
बलforces/strengths
बल:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
बहूनिmany
बहूनि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
संनिवासान्encampments/dwellings
संनिवासान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंनिवास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
निवासयेत्should cause to dwell/settle
निवासयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनिवासय् (णिच्) < वस्
FormVidhi-linga, Optative (present-system), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
बह्निनिभःfire-like
बह्निनिभः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबह्निनिभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कामम्as one wishes/at will
कामम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकामम्
प्रशस्तम्excellent/praiseworthy
प्रशस्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रशस्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कृतम्done/accomplished
कृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आचरेत्should practice/perform
आचरेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआचर्
FormVidhi-linga, Optative (present-system), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्वतःfrom all sides/in every way
सर्वतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतः
आददेत्should take/accept
आददेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ + दा
FormVidhi-linga, Optative (present-system), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रज्ञाम्wisdom/intelligence
प्रज्ञाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रज्ञा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पतङ्गम्locust/moth (swarm-insect)
पतङ्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपतङ्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गहनेषुin thickets/forests
गहनेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगहन
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
इवlike/as
इव:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches a kingly ethic of effective governance and warfare: weaken the enemy’s capacity (especially mobility and resources), secure one’s own bases, act with disciplined energy, and rely on wide-ranging intelligence and counsel—so that action is both strategically sound and aligned with what is ‘praśasta’ (commendable).

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship and policy, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on practical measures of rule and conflict: consolidate one’s own settlements and encampments, gather intelligence from all directions, and, when necessary in war, strike the enemy decisively—illustrated through similes of fire (forceful energy) and a locust-swarm (total depletion of the foe’s resources).