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Shloka 20

Adhyāya 118: Saciva-parīkṣā

Testing and Appointment of Ministers/Servants

थ्वा त्वं द्वीपित्वमापन्नो द्वीपीव्याप्रत्वमागत:,“अरे! तू पहले कुत्ता था, फिर चीता बना, चीतेसे बाघकी योनिमें आया, बाघसे मदोन्मत्त हाथी हुआ, हाथीसे सिंहकी योनिमें आ गया, बलवान्‌ सिंह रहकर फिर शरभका शरीर पा गया

tvaṃ tvam dvīpitvam āpanno dvīpīvyāpratvam āgataḥ

Bhīṣma berkata: “Engkau telah memasuki keadaan sebagai harimau bintang (leopard), dan dari harimau bintang itu engkau maju lagi—demikianlah engkau bergerak melalui kelahiran-kelahiran binatang yang berturut-turut. Dahulu engkau seekor anjing, kemudian harimau bintang, lalu masuk ke rahim harimau; dari harimau engkau menjadi gajah yang mabuk berahi; dari gajah engkau masuk ke rahim singa; dan setelah menjadi singa yang perkasa, engkau sekali lagi memperoleh tubuh Śarabha.”

त्वाyou (as object)
त्वा:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
द्वीपित्वम्the state of being a tiger/leopard (dvipin)
द्वीपित्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्वीपित्व (द्वीपिन् + त्व)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आपन्नःhaving reached/attained
आपन्नः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआपन्न (आ + √पद्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्वीपीa tiger/leopard
द्वीपी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वीपिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्याप्रत्वम्the state of being a tiger
व्याप्रत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्याघ्रत्व (व्याघ्र + त्व)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आगतःhaving come/arrived (having become)
आगतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआगत (आ + √गम्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
dog
L
leopard (dvīpin)
T
tiger
E
elephant
L
lion
Ś
śarabha

Educational Q&A

The verse illustrates saṃsāra governed by karma: moving into stronger or more dominant bodies is still bondage to birth, and ethical purification—not mere power or predatory success—is what leads beyond repeated embodiment.

Bhīṣma addresses a being (or interlocutor) by recounting its sequence of animal incarnations—dog to leopard to tiger to elephant to lion to śarabha—using the progression as a didactic example about the continuity of rebirth and the consequences of one’s tendencies and actions.