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Shloka 196

Adhyāya 118: Saciva-parīkṣā

Testing and Appointment of Ministers/Servants

विज्ञाय स महाप्राज्ञो मुनि: श्वानं तमुक्तवान्‌ | ज्ञाननेत्रोंसे युक्त उन मुनीश्वरने अपनी तपःशक्तिसे शरभके उस मनोभावको जान लिया। जानकर उन महाज्ञानी मुनिने उस कुत्तेसे कहा--

vijñāya sa mahāprājño muniḥ śvānaṃ tam uktavān |

Bhishma berkata: Setelah memahami hal itu, resi yang amat bijaksana itu pun menegur anjing tersebut. Dengan mata pengetahuan, sang pertapa melihat—melalui kekuatan tapa (austeriti)—niat batin makhluk itu; setelah mengetahuinya dengan jelas, beliau berkata kepada anjing itu.

विज्ञायhaving known/understood
विज्ञाय:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ज्ञा (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाप्राज्ञःvery wise
महाप्राज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाप्राज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मुनिःsage
मुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्वानम्the dog
श्वानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्that (one), him
तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उक्तवान्said/spoke
उक्तवान्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formक्तवत् (past active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
muni (sage)
Ś
śvā (dog)

Educational Q&A

True discernment (jñāna) is shown not merely by knowing facts but by perceiving inner motives and responding with guidance that steers a being toward dharma; the sage uses insight born of tapas to correct and instruct rather than react blindly.

Bhīṣma narrates that a highly wise sage, having understood the dog’s inner intention, addresses it directly—setting up a moral instruction where spiritual insight reveals hidden mental states and prompts ethical counsel.