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Shloka 1

Vetasa-Nīti: The Reed and the Flood (वेतस-नीति)

अप-#-रू+ त्रयोदशाधिकशततमो< ध्याय: शक्तिशाली शत्रुके सामने बेंतकी भाँति नतमस्तक होनेका उपदेश--सरिताओं और समुद्रका संवाद युधिछिर उवाच राजा राज्यमनुप्राप्य दुर्लभं भरतर्षभ । अमित्रस्यातिवृद्धस्य कथं तिछेदसाधन:,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--भरतश्रेष्ठ) राजा एक दुर्लभ राज्यको पाकर भी सेना और खजाना आदि साधनोंसे रहित हो तो सभी दृष्टियोंसे अत्यन्त बढ़े-चढ़े हुए शत्रुके सामने कैसे टिक सकता है?

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca— rājā rājyam anuprāpya durlabhaṁ bharatarṣabha | amitrasyātivṛddhasya kathaṁ tiṣṭhet sādhanavarjitaḥ ||

Yudhiṣṭhira berkata: “Wahai yang termulia dalam kalangan Bharata, sekalipun seorang raja telah memperoleh anugerah langka berupa kerajaan, namun jika ia kekurangan sarana yang perlu—seperti angkatan tentera dan perbendaharaan—bagaimanakah dia dapat berdiri teguh menghadapi musuh yang telah menjadi amat kuat?”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhishthira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजाa king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्यम्kingdom, sovereignty
राज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनुप्राप्यhaving obtained
अनुप्राप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-प्र-आप्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (sense)
दुर्लभम्hard to obtain, rare
दुर्लभम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्लभ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अमित्रस्यof an enemy
अमित्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अतिवृद्धस्यvery powerful/overgrown (exceedingly strong)
अतिवृद्धस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
तिष्ठेत्could stand, remain firm
तिष्ठेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
असाधनःwithout resources/means
असाधनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-साधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bharatarṣabha (addressee, likely Bhīṣma in context)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a key problem of rājadharma: moral intent alone is insufficient for protecting a realm; a king must also possess practical means (sādhana)—military strength, wealth, and supporting resources—to resist an overwhelmingly powerful enemy.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on kingship and policy, Yudhiṣṭhira asks an elder authority (addressed as ‘Bharatarṣabha’) how a king who has gained a kingdom but lacks resources can survive against a greatly strengthened adversary—setting up counsel on strategy, humility, and survival before power.